Python| os.chown() 方法

Python中的OS 模块提供了与操作系统交互的功能。操作系统属于 Python 的标准实用程序模块。该模块提供了一种使用操作系统相关功能的可移植方式。

os 模块中的所有函数在文件名和路径无效或不可访问的情况下，或具有正确类型但操作系统不接受的其他参数的情况下引发OSError 。

Python中的os.chown()方法用于将指定路径的所有者和组 id更改为指定的数字所有者 id (UID) 和组 id (GID)。

注意： os.chown()方法仅在 UNIX 平台上可用，并且此方法的功能通常仅对超级用户或特权用户可用。

Syntax: os.chown(path, uid, gid, *, dir_fd = None, follow_symlinks = True)

Parameters:
path: A file descriptor representing the file whose uid and gid is to be set
uid: An integer value representing the owner id to be set for the path.
gid: An integer value representing the group id to be set for the path. To leave any one of the ids unchanged, set it to -1.
dir_fd (optional): A file descriptor referring to a directory. The default value of this parameter is None.
follow_symlinks (optional): The default value of this parameter is True. If we do not want os.chown() method to follow symlink, we can set it to False. If it is False, method will operate on the symbolic link itself instead of the file the link points to.

Note: The ‘*’ in parameter list indicates that all following parameters (Here in our case ‘dir_fd’ and ‘follow_symlinks’) are keyword-only parameters and they can be provided using their name, not as a positional parameter.

Return Type: This method does not return any value.

编程需要懂一点英语

代码 #1：使用 os.chown() 方法

# Python program to explain os.chown() method 
    
# importing os module 
import os
  
# File path
path = "./file.txt"
  
# Print the current owner id
# and group id of the
# specified file path
  
# os.stat() method will return a 
# 'stat_result’ object of
# ‘os.stat_result’ class whose
# 'st_uid' and 'st_gid' attributes
# will represent owner id and group id
# of the file respectively 
print("Owner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid) 
  
  
# Change the owner id and 
# the group id of the file
# using os.chown() method
uid = 2000
gid = 2000
os.chown(path, uid, gid)
print("\nOwner and group id of the file changed")
  
   
# Print the owner id
# and group id of the file
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)

输出：
os.chown() 方法终端输出

代码 #2：使用 os.chown() 方法设置任意一个 id 并保持其他不变

# Python program to explain os.chown() method 
    
# importing os module 
import os
  
# File
path = "./file.txt"
  
# Print the current owner id
# and group id of the file
  
# os.stat() method will return a 
# 'stat_result’ object of
# ‘os.stat_result’ class whose
# 'st_uid' and 'st_gid' attributes
# will represent owner id and group id
# of the file respectively 
print("Owner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid) 
  
  
# Change only owner id of 
# the file and leave
# group id unchanged
  
# set id as -1 to leave
# it unchanged
uid = 3000
gid = -1
os.chown(path, uid, gid)
print("\nOwner id of the file changed")
  
  
# Print the owner id
# and group id of the file
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)

输出：
os.chown() 方法终端输出

代码#3：如果指定的路径是符号链接

# Python program to explain os.chown() method 
    
# importing os module 
import os
  
# File path
path = "./file.txt"
  
# Creating a symlink
# of the above path  
# using os.symlink() method
symlink = "./file(symlink).txt"
os.symlink(path, symlink)
  
  
# Print the current owner id
# and group id of the file
# as well as the symlink pointing
# to the above specified file path 
print("Owner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid) 
  
print("Owner id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid)
print("Group id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid) 
  
# Change the ownership 
# of the symlink pointing 
# to the above file './file.txt'
uid = 1000
gid = 1000
os.chown(symlink, uid, gid)
print("\nOwner id and group id changed")
  
  
# Print the owner id
# and group id of the file
# as well as the symlink
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid) 
  
print("Owner id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid)
print("Group id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid)
  
  
# As os.chown() method
# follows symlink
# so, we can change the
# owner and group id 
# through a symlink 
  
  
# We can modify the follow_symlinks
# parameter if we do not
# want os.chown() method to
# follow symlink
  
  
# Change the ownership 
# of the symlink pointing 
# to the above file './file.txt'
uid = 4000
gid = 4000
os.chown(symlink, uid, gid, follow_symlinks = False)
print("\nOwner id and group id not changed")
  
  
# Print the owner id
# and group id of the file
# as well as the symlink
# pointing to it
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid) 
  
print("Owner id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid)
print("Group id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid)

输出：
os.chown() 方法终端输出

参考： https://docs。 Python.org/3/library/os.html