Python时间 strptime()函数

Python的 strptime()函数用于格式化和返回日期和时间的字符串表示形式。它接受日期、时间或两者作为输入，并根据给它的指令解析它。如果无法根据提供的指令格式化字符串，则会引发 ValueError。

句法：

time.strptime(date_time_srting,directive)

这里，

• date_time_string：它是一个必要的字符串参数，用于提供要格式化的日期。
• 指令：该参数表示解析给定字符串的条件。它也是一个必要的参数。

指令表：

下表列出了Python支持的指令。

format code	meaning	example
%a	Abbreviated weekday name	Sun, Mon
%A	Full weekday name	Sunday, Monday
%w	Weekday as decimal number	0…6
%d	Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal	01, 02
%b	Abbreviated month name	Jan, Feb
%m	month as a zero padded decimal number	01, 02
%B	Full month name	January, February
%y	year without century as a zero padded decimal number	99, 00
%Y	year with century as a decimal number	2000, 1999
%H	hour(24 hour clock) as a zero padded decimal number	01, 23
%I	hour(12 hour clock) as a zero padded decimal number	01, 12
%p	locale’s AM or PM	AM, PM
%M	Minute as a zero padded decimal number	01, 59
%S	Second as a zero padded decimal number	01, 59
%f	microsecond as a decimal number, zero padded on the left side	000000, 999999
%z	UTC offset in the form +HHMM or -HHMM
%Z	Time zone name
%j	day of the year as a zero padded decimal number	001, 365
%U	Week number of the year (Sunday being the first)	0, 6
%W	Week number of the year	00, 53
%c	locale’s appropriate date and time representation	Mon Sep 30 07:06:05 2013
%x	locale’s appropriate date representation	11/30/98
%X	locale’s appropriate time representation	10:03:43
%%	A literal ‘%’ character	%

示例 1：迄今为止的Python字符串

Python3

import time
  
formatted_date = time.strptime(" 02 Dec 1996",
                               " %d %b %Y")
print(formatted_date)

输出：

time.struct_time(tm_year=1996, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=2, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=337, tm_isdst=-1)

示例 2：将Python字符串为日期和时间

蟒蛇3

import time
  
print(time.strptime("02/12/1996 5:53","%m/%d/%Y %H:%M"))

输出：

time.struct_time(tm_year=1996, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=5, tm_min=53, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=43, tm_isdst=-1)

示例 3：值错误

在此示例中，如果时间指令不匹配，则发生错误。

蟒蛇3

import time as datetime
  
datetime_str = '08/1/18 3:55:6'
  
try:
    datetime_object = datetime.strptime(datetime_str, '%m/%d/%y')
except ValueError as e:
    print('ValueError Raised:', e)
  
  
time_str = '25::55::26'
  
try:
    time_object = time.strptime(time_str, '%H::%M::%S')
except ValueError as e:
    print('ValueError:', e)

输出：

ValueError Raised: unconverted data remains:  3:55:6
ValueError: time data '25::55::26' does not match format '%H::%M::%S'