use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException;

$node_uuid = 'UUID STRING HERE';
try {
  $node = \Drupal::service('entity.repository')->loadEntityByUuid('node', $node_uuid);
  $nid = $node->id();
  unset($node);

} catch (Exception $e) {
  throw new HttpException(400, 'Node UUID does not match one in the system.');
}