进行单元测试以确保开发人员编写高质量且无差错的代码。建议在编写实际应用程序之前编写单元测试，您将事先编写测试，并且实际代码必须遵守测试所制定的设计准则。在本文中，我们将使用JUnit来测试我们的代码。 JUnit是Java应用程序的“单元测试”框架，默认情况下已包含在android studio中。它是单元和UI测试的自动化框架。它包含注释，比如@测试，@Before，@After等等，下面我们将只使用@Test注解让文章很容易理解。请注意，我们将使用Kotlin语言实施此项目。
分步实施
步骤1：创建一个新项目
要在Android Studio中创建新项目，请参阅如何在Android Studio中创建/启动新项目。请注意，选择Kotlin作为编程语言。
第2步：将依赖项添加到build.gradle文件，然后单击“立即同步”
testImplementation “com.google.truth:truth:1.0.1”
androidTestImplementation “com.google.truth:truth:1.0.1”
步骤3：使用RegistrationUtil.kt文件
创建一个新的Kotlin文件RegistrationUtil并选择其类型作为对象。由于这是一个单例，因此在其他类中使用它时，我们不需要创建它的对象。它具有一个称为validRegistrationInput的函数，该函数需要三个参数username ， password和Confirm password。我们将使用以下测试用例，使用不同的输入集来测试此函数。
- 用户名，密码，确认密码不能为空。
- 密码必须至少包含两位数。
- 密码与确认的密码匹配。
- 不得使用用户名。
Kotlin
object RegistrationUtil {
private val existingUsers = listOf("Rahul" , "Rohan")
/**
* The test cases will pass if..
* ...username/password/confirmPassword is not empty
* ...password is at least 2 digits
* ...password matches the confirm Password
* ...username is not taken
*/
fun validRegistrationInput(
userName : String,
password : String,
confirmPassword : String
) : Boolean {
// write conditions along with their return statement
// if username / password / confirm password are empty return false
if (userName.isEmpty() || password.isEmpty() || confirmPassword.isEmpty()){
return false
}
// if username exists in the existingUser list return false
if (userName in existingUsers){
return false
}
// if password does not matches confirm password return false
if (password != confirmPassword){
return false
}
// if digit count of the password is less than 2 return false
if (password.count { it.isDigit() } < 2){
return false
}
return true
}
}Kotlin
import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
import org.junit.Test
class RegistrationUtilTest {
// Write tests for the RegistrationUtil class considering all the conditions
// annotate each function with @Test
// We can use backtick to write function name..
// whatever we write in those backtick will be considered as function name
@Test
fun `empty username returns false`(){
// Pass the value to the function of RegistrationUtil class
// since RegistrationUtil is an object/ singleton we do not need to create its object
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"",
"123",
"123"
)
// assertThat() comes from the truth library that we added earlier
// put result in it and assign the boolean that it should return
assertThat(result).isFalse()
}
// follow the same for other cases also
// in this test if username and correctly repeated password returns true
@Test
fun `username and correctly repeated password returns true`() {
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"Rahul",
"123",
"123"
)
assertThat(result).isTrue()
}
// in this test serName already taken returns false
@Test
fun `username already taken returns false`() {
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"Rohan",
"123",
"123"
)
assertThat(result).isFalse()
}
// if confirm password does nt matches the password return false
@Test
fun `incorrect confirm password returns false`() {
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"Rahul",
"123",
"1234"
)
assertThat(result).isFalse()
}
// in this test if password has less than two digits than return false
@Test
fun `less than two digit password return false`() {
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"Rahul",
"abcd1",
"abcd1"
)
assertThat(result).isFalse()
}
}步骤4：建立测试类别
为了创建RegistrationUtil的测试类，请在RegistrationUtil上单击鼠标右键，然后单击“生成”，然后选择测试。将打开一个对话框，从对话框中选择“测试库”作为JUnit4，并将类名保留为默认名称，即RegistrationUtilTest ，然后单击“确定”。之后，将打开另一个对话框以选择目标目录，然后选择具有..app \ src \ test \的目录。因为我们的测试课没有 要求 应用程序中的任何上下文。以下是指导您创建测试类的屏幕截图。
步骤5：使用RegistrationUtilTest.kt文件
转到RegistrationUtilTest.kt文件并编写以下代码。在代码内部添加了注释，以更详细地了解代码。
科特林
import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
import org.junit.Test
class RegistrationUtilTest {
// Write tests for the RegistrationUtil class considering all the conditions
// annotate each function with @Test
// We can use backtick to write function name..
// whatever we write in those backtick will be considered as function name
@Test
fun `empty username returns false`(){
// Pass the value to the function of RegistrationUtil class
// since RegistrationUtil is an object/ singleton we do not need to create its object
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"",
"123",
"123"
)
// assertThat() comes from the truth library that we added earlier
// put result in it and assign the boolean that it should return
assertThat(result).isFalse()
}
// follow the same for other cases also
// in this test if username and correctly repeated password returns true
@Test
fun `username and correctly repeated password returns true`() {
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"Rahul",
"123",
"123"
)
assertThat(result).isTrue()
}
// in this test serName already taken returns false
@Test
fun `username already taken returns false`() {
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"Rohan",
"123",
"123"
)
assertThat(result).isFalse()
}
// if confirm password does nt matches the password return false
@Test
fun `incorrect confirm password returns false`() {
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"Rahul",
"123",
"1234"
)
assertThat(result).isFalse()
}
// in this test if password has less than two digits than return false
@Test
fun `less than two digit password return false`() {
val result = RegistrationUtil.validRegistrationInput(
"Rahul",
"abcd1",
"abcd1"
)
assertThat(result).isFalse()
}
}
步骤6：运行测试用例
要运行测试用例，请单击附近的小图标 这 类名，然后选择Run RegistrationUtilTest 。如果所有测试用例都通过，您将在“运行”控制台中看到一个绿色的勾号。在我们的案例中，所有测试均已通过。
Github仓库在这里。
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