📜  隐藏基类中所有具有相同名称的重载方法

📅  最后修改于: 2021-05-25 22:03:48             🧑  作者: Mango

在C++中,如果派生类重新定义了基类成员方法,则所有具有相同名称的基类方法都将隐藏在派生类中。
例如,以下程序无法编译。在下面的程序中,Derived重新定义了Base的fun()方法,这使fun(int i)隐藏。

CPP
#include 
 
using namespace std;
 
class Base {
public:
    int fun() {
      cout << "Base::fun() called";
    }
    int fun(int i)
    {
      cout << "Base::fun(int i) called";
    }
};
 
class Derived : public Base
{
public:
    int fun()
    {
          cout << "Derived::fun() called";
    }
};
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    Derived d;
    d.fun(5); // Compiler Error
    return 0;
}


CPP
#include 
 
using namespace std;
 
class Base {
public:
    int fun()
    {
         cout << "Base::fun() called";
    }
    int fun(int i)
    {
         cout << "Base::fun(int i) called";
    }
};
 
class Derived : public Base {
public:
    // Makes Base::fun() and Base::fun(int )
    // hidden
    int fun(char c)
    {
        cout << "Derived::fun(char c) called";
    }
};
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    Derived d;
    d.fun('e'); // No Compiler Error
    return 0;
}


C++
#include
 
using namespace std;
 
class Base
{
public:
    int fun()
    {
        cout<<"Base::fun() called";
    }
};
 
class Derived: public Base
{
public:
    using Base::fun;
     
    int fun(char c)  // Makes Base::fun() and Base::fun(int ) hidden
    {
        cout<<"Derived::fun(char c) called";
    }
};
 
int main()
{
    Derived d;
    d.fun();  // Works fine now 🙂
    return 0;
}


即使派生类方法的签名不同,基类中所有重载的方法也会被隐藏。例如,在以下程序中,Derived :: fun(char)使Base :: fun()和Base :: fun(int)都隐藏。

CPP

#include 
 
using namespace std;
 
class Base {
public:
    int fun()
    {
         cout << "Base::fun() called";
    }
    int fun(int i)
    {
         cout << "Base::fun(int i) called";
    }
};
 
class Derived : public Base {
public:
    // Makes Base::fun() and Base::fun(int )
    // hidden
    int fun(char c)
    {
        cout << "Derived::fun(char c) called";
    }
};
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    Derived d;
    d.fun('e'); // No Compiler Error
    return 0;
}
输出
Derived::fun(char c) called

请注意,以上事实对于静态方法和非静态方法都是正确的。

有一种方法可以缓解此类问题。如果我们想重载基类的函数,可以通过使用’using’关键字取消隐藏它。

C++

#include
 
using namespace std;
 
class Base
{
public:
    int fun()
    {
        cout<<"Base::fun() called";
    }
};
 
class Derived: public Base
{
public:
    using Base::fun;
     
    int fun(char c)  // Makes Base::fun() and Base::fun(int ) hidden
    {
        cout<<"Derived::fun(char c) called";
    }
};
 
int main()
{
    Derived d;
    d.fun();  // Works fine now 🙂
    return 0;
}
输出
Base::fun() called
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