📜  反向链接列表的C程序

📅  最后修改于: 2021-05-28 04:10:48             🧑  作者: Mango

给定指向链表头节点的指针,任务是反转链表。我们需要通过更改节点之间的链接来反转列表。

例子:

Input : Head of following linked list  
       1->2->3->4->NULL
Output : Linked list should be changed to,
       4->3->2->1->NULL

Input : Head of following linked list  
       1->2->3->4->5->NULL
Output : Linked list should be changed to,
       5->4->3->2->1->NULL

Input : NULL
Output : NULL

Input  : 1->NULL
Output : 1->NULL

迭代法

C
#include
#include
  
/* Link list node */
struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};
  
/* Function to reverse the linked list */
static void reverse(struct Node** head_ref)
{
    struct Node* prev   = NULL;
    struct Node* current = *head_ref;
    struct Node* next;
    while (current != NULL)
    {
        next  = current->next;  
        current->next = prev;   
        prev = current;
        current = next;
    }
    *head_ref = prev;
}
  
/* Function to push a node */
void push(struct Node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
    /* allocate node */
    struct Node* new_node =
            (struct Node*) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
             
    /* put in the data  */
    new_node->data  = new_data;
                 
    /* link the old list off the new node */
    new_node->next = (*head_ref);    
         
    /* move the head to point to the new node */
    (*head_ref)    = new_node;
}
  
/* Function to print linked list */
void printList(struct Node *head)
{
    struct Node *temp = head;
    while(temp != NULL)
    {
        printf("%d  ", temp->data);    
        temp = temp->next;  
    }
}    
  
/* Driver program to test above function*/
int main()
{
    /* Start with the empty list */
    struct Node* head = NULL;
    
     push(&head, 20);
     push(&head, 4);
     push(&head, 15); 
     push(&head, 85);      
      
     printf("Given linked list\n");
     printList(head);    
     reverse(&head);                      
     printf("\nReversed Linked list \n");
     printList(head);    
     getchar();
}


C++
// A simple and tail recursive C++ program to reverse
// a linked list
#include
using namespace std;
  
struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node *next;
};
  
void reverseUtil(Node *curr, Node *prev, Node **head);
  
// This function mainly calls reverseUtil()
// with prev as NULL
void reverse(Node **head)
{
    if (!head)
        return;
    reverseUtil(*head, NULL, head);
}
  
// A simple and tail recursive function to reverse
// a linked list.  prev is passed as NULL initially.
void reverseUtil(Node *curr, Node *prev, Node **head)
{
    /* If last node mark it head*/
    if (!curr->next)
    {
        *head = curr;
  
        /* Update next to prev node */
        curr->next = prev;
        return;
    }
  
    /* Save curr->next node for recursive call */
    node *next = curr->next;
  
    /* and update next ..*/
    curr->next = prev;
  
    reverseUtil(next, curr, head);
}
  
// A utility function to create a new node
Node *newNode(int key)
{
    Node *temp = new Node;
    temp->data = key;
    temp->next = NULL;
    return temp;
}
  
// A utility function to print a linked list
void printlist(Node *head)
{
    while(head != NULL)
    {
        cout << head->data << " ";
        head = head->next;
    }
    cout << endl;
}
  
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
    Node *head1 = newNode(1);
    head1->next = newNode(2);
    head1->next->next = newNode(3);
    head1->next->next->next = newNode(4);
    head1->next->next->next->next = newNode(5);
    head1->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(6);
    head1->next->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(7);
    head1->next->next->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(8);
    cout << "Given linked list\n";
    printlist(head1);
    reverse(&head1);
    cout << "\nReversed linked list\n";
    printlist(head1);
    return 0;
}


递归方法:

void recursiveReverse(struct Node** head_ref)
{
    struct Node* first;
    struct Node* rest;
       
    /* empty list */
    if (*head_ref == NULL)
       return;   
  
    /* suppose first = {1, 2, 3}, rest = {2, 3} */
    first = *head_ref;  
    rest  = first->next;
  
    /* List has only one node */
    if (rest == NULL)
       return;   
  
    /* reverse the rest list and put the first element at the end */
    recursiveReverse(&rest);
    first->next->next  = first;  
      
    /* tricky step -- see the diagram */
    first->next  = NULL;          
  
    /* fix the head pointer */
    *head_ref = rest;              
}

一种更简单且尾部递归的方法

C++

// A simple and tail recursive C++ program to reverse
// a linked list
#include
using namespace std;
  
struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node *next;
};
  
void reverseUtil(Node *curr, Node *prev, Node **head);
  
// This function mainly calls reverseUtil()
// with prev as NULL
void reverse(Node **head)
{
    if (!head)
        return;
    reverseUtil(*head, NULL, head);
}
  
// A simple and tail recursive function to reverse
// a linked list.  prev is passed as NULL initially.
void reverseUtil(Node *curr, Node *prev, Node **head)
{
    /* If last node mark it head*/
    if (!curr->next)
    {
        *head = curr;
  
        /* Update next to prev node */
        curr->next = prev;
        return;
    }
  
    /* Save curr->next node for recursive call */
    node *next = curr->next;
  
    /* and update next ..*/
    curr->next = prev;
  
    reverseUtil(next, curr, head);
}
  
// A utility function to create a new node
Node *newNode(int key)
{
    Node *temp = new Node;
    temp->data = key;
    temp->next = NULL;
    return temp;
}
  
// A utility function to print a linked list
void printlist(Node *head)
{
    while(head != NULL)
    {
        cout << head->data << " ";
        head = head->next;
    }
    cout << endl;
}
  
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
    Node *head1 = newNode(1);
    head1->next = newNode(2);
    head1->next->next = newNode(3);
    head1->next->next->next = newNode(4);
    head1->next->next->next->next = newNode(5);
    head1->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(6);
    head1->next->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(7);
    head1->next->next->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(8);
    cout << "Given linked list\n";
    printlist(head1);
    reverse(&head1);
    cout << "\nReversed linked list\n";
    printlist(head1);
    return 0;
}

请参阅“反向链接列表”上的完整文章以了解更多详细信息!

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