📜  从基类和抽象类派生的类中虚函数的行为

📅  最后修改于: 2021-05-30 10:27:09             🧑  作者: Mango

在本文中,我们将讨论虚拟函数在C++的派生类和抽象基类的派生类中的行为。

考虑以下程序:

C++
// C++ program to illustrate the concept
// of Virtual Function
  
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Base Class
class Base {
public:
    // Virtual Function
    virtual void print()
    {
        cout << "Inside Base" << endl;
    }
};
  
// Derived Class
class Derived : public Base {
};
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
  
    // Object of the derived class
    Base* b2 = new Derived();
  
    // Function Call to Base Class
    b2->print();
  
    return 0;
}


C++
// C++ program to illustrate the concept
// of virtual function
  
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Base Class
class Base {
public:
    // Virtual Function
    virtual void print() = 0;
};
  
// Derived Class
class Derived : public Base {
  
    // Overriding of virtual function
    void print()
    {
        cout << "Inside Derived"
 << endl;
    }
};
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Object of the derived class
    Base* b2 = new Derived();
  
    // Function Call to Base Class
    b2->print();
  
    return 0;
}


C++
// C++ program to illustrate the concept
// of virtual function
  
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Base Class
class Base {
public:
    // Virtual Function
    virtual void print() = 0;
};
  
// Derived Class
class Derived : public Base {
};
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
  
    // Object of the derived class
    Base* b2 = new Derived();
  
    // Function Call to Base Class
    b2->print();
  
    return 0;
}


输出:
Inside Base

说明:当声明基类的指针指向派生类的对象时,只有在需要在派生类中重写该函数时,才在基中将函数声明为虚函数。如果在基类中将该函数声明为虚函数,则不建议在派生类中重写该函数,它仍将调用该虚函数并执行该虚函数

仅当需要运行时多态性并在派生类中重写基类的函数时, virtual关键字才有效。如果使用了虚拟关键字,并且不建议在派生类中重写该函数,则虚拟关键字是没有用的。此属性对Abstract Base类成立,因为在Base类中也没有函数体。下面是说明相同内容的程序:

程序1:

C++

// C++ program to illustrate the concept
// of virtual function
  
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Base Class
class Base {
public:
    // Virtual Function
    virtual void print() = 0;
};
  
// Derived Class
class Derived : public Base {
  
    // Overriding of virtual function
    void print()
    {
        cout << "Inside Derived"
 << endl;
    }
};
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Object of the derived class
    Base* b2 = new Derived();
  
    // Function Call to Base Class
    b2->print();
  
    return 0;
}
输出:
Inside Derived

程式2:

C++

// C++ program to illustrate the concept
// of virtual function
  
#include 
using namespace std;
  
// Base Class
class Base {
public:
    // Virtual Function
    virtual void print() = 0;
};
  
// Derived Class
class Derived : public Base {
};
  
// Driver Code
int main()
{
  
    // Object of the derived class
    Base* b2 = new Derived();
  
    // Function Call to Base Class
    b2->print();
  
    return 0;
}

输出:

说明:如果比较以上两个程序,则该函数被抽象类覆盖时,则virtual关键字将按预期的方式工作。但是在以上程序中,该函数未在基类内部被覆盖,并且该函数未在基类中定义,因此导致编译错误。

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