📅  最后修改于: 2020-10-16 05:24:29             🧑  作者: Mango
Perl是一种松散类型的语言,在程序中使用时无需为数据指定类型。 Perl解释器将根据数据本身的上下文选择类型。
Perl具有三种基本数据类型:标量,标量数组和标量散列,也称为关联数组。这是有关这些数据类型的一些细节。
Sr.No. | Types & Description |
---|---|
1 |
Scalar Scalars are simple variables. They are preceded by a dollar sign ($). A scalar is either a number, a string, or a reference. A reference is actually an address of a variable, which we will see in the upcoming chapters. |
2 |
Arrays Arrays are ordered lists of scalars that you access with a numeric index, which starts with 0. They are preceded by an “at” sign (@). |
3 |
Hashes Hashes are unordered sets of key/value pairs that you access using the keys as subscripts. They are preceded by a percent sign (%). |
Perl在内部将所有数字存储为带符号整数或双精度浮点值。数字字面量以以下任何浮点或整数格式指定-
Type | Value |
---|---|
Integer | 1234 |
Negative integer | -100 |
Floating point | 2000 |
Scientific notation | 16.12E14 |
Hexadecimal | 0xffff |
Octal | 0577 |
字符串是字符序列。它们通常是字母数字值,以单引号(’)或双引号(“)引起来。它们的工作方式与UNIX shell引号非常相似,您可以在其中使用单引号字符串和双引号字符串。
双引号字符串字面量允许变量插值,而单引号字符串则不允许。当某些字符以反斜杠开头时,它们具有特殊含义,并且用于表示换行符(\ n)或制表符(\ t)。
您可以将换行符或以下任何Escape序列直接嵌入双引号字符串-
Escape sequence | Meaning |
---|---|
\\ | Backslash |
\’ | Single quote |
\” | Double quote |
\a | Alert or bell |
\b | Backspace |
\f | Form feed |
\n | Newline |
\r | Carriage return |
\t | Horizontal tab |
\v | Vertical tab |
\0nn | Creates Octal formatted numbers |
\xnn | Creates Hexideciamal formatted numbers |
\cX | Controls characters, x may be any character |
\u | Forces next character to uppercase |
\l | Forces next character to lowercase |
\U | Forces all following characters to uppercase |
\L | Forces all following characters to lowercase |
\Q | Backslash all following non-alphanumeric characters |
\E | End \U, \L, or \Q |
让我们再次看看字符串在单引号和双引号之间的行为。在这里,我们将使用上表中提到的字符串转义符,并将使用标量变量来分配字符串值。
#!/usr/bin/perl
# This is case of interpolation.
$str = "Welcome to \ntutorialspoint.com!";
print "$str\n";
# This is case of non-interpolation.
$str = 'Welcome to \ntutorialspoint.com!';
print "$str\n";
# Only W will become upper case.
$str = "\uwelcome to tutorialspoint.com!";
print "$str\n";
# Whole line will become capital.
$str = "\UWelcome to tutorialspoint.com!";
print "$str\n";
# A portion of line will become capital.
$str = "Welcome to \Ututorialspoint\E.com!";
print "$str\n";
# Backsalash non alpha-numeric including spaces.
$str = "\QWelcome to tutorialspoint's family";
print "$str\n";
这将产生以下结果-
Welcome to
tutorialspoint.com!
Welcome to \ntutorialspoint.com!
Welcome to tutorialspoint.com!
WELCOME TO TUTORIALSPOINT.COM!
Welcome to TUTORIALSPOINT.com!
Welcome\ to\ tutorialspoint\'s\ family