C程序，用于检测C程序中的令牌

众所周知，词法分析是编译器的第一阶段，也称为扫描器。它将输入程序转换为令牌序列。
AC程序由各种令牌组成，令牌可以是关键字，标识符，常量，字符串字面量或符号。

例如：

1) Keywords: 
Examples- for, while, if etc.

2) Identifier
Examples- Variable name, function name etc.

3) Operators:
Examples- '+', '++', '-' etc.

4) Separators:
Examples- ', ' ';' etc

下面是一个C程序，用于打印给定C程序中的所有关键字，字面量，有效标识符，无效标识符，整数，实数：

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
  
// Returns 'true' if the character is a DELIMITER.
bool isDelimiter(char ch)
{
    if (ch == ' ' || ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '*' || 
        ch == '/' || ch == ',' || ch == ';' || ch == '>' || 
        ch == '<' || ch == '=' || ch == '(' || ch == ')' || 
        ch == '[' || ch == ']' || ch == '{' || ch == '}')
        return (true);
    return (false);
}
  
// Returns 'true' if the character is an OPERATOR.
bool isOperator(char ch)
{
    if (ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '*' || 
        ch == '/' || ch == '>' || ch == '<' || 
        ch == '=')
        return (true);
    return (false);
}
  
// Returns 'true' if the string is a VALID IDENTIFIER.
bool validIdentifier(char* str)
{
    if (str[0] == '0' || str[0] == '1' || str[0] == '2' ||
        str[0] == '3' || str[0] == '4' || str[0] == '5' || 
        str[0] == '6' || str[0] == '7' || str[0] == '8' || 
        str[0] == '9' || isDelimiter(str[0]) == true)
        return (false);
    return (true);
}
  
// Returns 'true' if the string is a KEYWORD.
bool isKeyword(char* str)
{
    if (!strcmp(str, "if") || !strcmp(str, "else") ||
        !strcmp(str, "while") || !strcmp(str, "do") || 
        !strcmp(str, "break") || 
         !strcmp(str, "continue") || !strcmp(str, "int")
        || !strcmp(str, "double") || !strcmp(str, "float")
        || !strcmp(str, "return") || !strcmp(str, "char")
        || !strcmp(str, "case") || !strcmp(str, "char")
        || !strcmp(str, "sizeof") || !strcmp(str, "long")
        || !strcmp(str, "short") || !strcmp(str, "typedef")
        || !strcmp(str, "switch") || !strcmp(str, "unsigned")
        || !strcmp(str, "void") || !strcmp(str, "static")
        || !strcmp(str, "struct") || !strcmp(str, "goto"))
        return (true);
    return (false);
}
  
// Returns 'true' if the string is an INTEGER.
bool isInteger(char* str)
{
    int i, len = strlen(str);
  
    if (len == 0)
        return (false);
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (str[i] != '0' && str[i] != '1' && str[i] != '2'
            && str[i] != '3' && str[i] != '4' && str[i] != '5'
            && str[i] != '6' && str[i] != '7' && str[i] != '8'
            && str[i] != '9' || (str[i] == '-' && i > 0))
            return (false);
    }
    return (true);
}
  
// Returns 'true' if the string is a REAL NUMBER.
bool isRealNumber(char* str)
{
    int i, len = strlen(str);
    bool hasDecimal = false;
  
    if (len == 0)
        return (false);
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (str[i] != '0' && str[i] != '1' && str[i] != '2'
            && str[i] != '3' && str[i] != '4' && str[i] != '5'
            && str[i] != '6' && str[i] != '7' && str[i] != '8'
            && str[i] != '9' && str[i] != '.' || 
            (str[i] == '-' && i > 0))
            return (false);
        if (str[i] == '.')
            hasDecimal = true;
    }
    return (hasDecimal);
}
  
// Extracts the SUBSTRING.
char* subString(char* str, int left, int right)
{
    int i;
    char* subStr = (char*)malloc(
                  sizeof(char) * (right - left + 2));
  
    for (i = left; i <= right; i++)
        subStr[i - left] = str[i];
    subStr[right - left + 1] = '\0';
    return (subStr);
}
  
// Parsing the input STRING.
void parse(char* str)
{
    int left = 0, right = 0;
    int len = strlen(str);
  
    while (right <= len && left <= right) {
        if (isDelimiter(str[right]) == false)
            right++;
  
        if (isDelimiter(str[right]) == true && left == right) {
            if (isOperator(str[right]) == true)
                printf("'%c' IS AN OPERATOR\n", str[right]);
  
            right++;
            left = right;
        } else if (isDelimiter(str[right]) == true && left != right
                   || (right == len && left != right)) {
            char* subStr = subString(str, left, right - 1);
  
            if (isKeyword(subStr) == true)
                printf("'%s' IS A KEYWORD\n", subStr);
  
            else if (isInteger(subStr) == true)
                printf("'%s' IS AN INTEGER\n", subStr);
  
            else if (isRealNumber(subStr) == true)
                printf("'%s' IS A REAL NUMBER\n", subStr);
  
            else if (validIdentifier(subStr) == true
                     && isDelimiter(str[right - 1]) == false)
                printf("'%s' IS A VALID IDENTIFIER\n", subStr);
  
            else if (validIdentifier(subStr) == false
                     && isDelimiter(str[right - 1]) == false)
                printf("'%s' IS NOT A VALID IDENTIFIER\n", subStr);
            left = right;
        }
    }
    return;
}
  
// DRIVER FUNCTION
int main()
{
     // maximum legth of string is 100 here 
    char str[100] = "int a = b + 1c; ";
  
    parse(str); // calling the parse function
  
    return (0);
}

输出：

'int' IS A KEYWORD
'a' IS A VALID IDENTIFIER
'=' IS AN OPERATOR
'b' IS A VALID IDENTIFIER
'+' IS AN OPERATOR
'1c' IS NOT A VALID IDENTIFIER

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