在 JavaScript 中使用 API

API 只是一种在接口之间获取或发送数据的媒介。假设您想要制作一个应用程序，为用户提供从服务器获取的一些实时数据，甚至可能允许您修改或添加数据到其他端点。这是通过 API 或应用程序编程接口实现的。

我们将使用一个不需要身份验证的简单公共 API，并允许您通过使用GET请求查询 API 来获取一些数据。

https://randomuser.me/ 是一个为我们可以轻松使用的随机用户提供虚拟数据的网站。我们可以通过向 https://randomuser.me/api/ 发出请求来获得响应。我们以以下格式收到的 JSON 响应。

Javascript

{
    "results": [
        {
            "gender": "female",
            "name": {
                "title": "Miss",
                "first": "Nina",
                "last": "Simmmons"
            },
            "location": {
                "street": {
                    "number": 970,
                    "name": "Eason Rd"
                },
                "city": "Fullerton",
                "state": "Wyoming",
                "country": "United States",
                "postcode": 57089,
                "coordinates": {
                    "latitude": "83.1807",
                    "longitude": "104.7170"
                },
                "timezone": {
                    "offset": "+8:00",
                    "description": 
        "Beijing, Perth, Singapore, Hong Kong"
                }
            },
            "email": "[e-mail]",
            "login": {
                "uuid": "bd0d135f-84df-4102-aa4f-5baaa41baf5c",
                "username": "yellowfrog722",
                "password": "dawg",
                "salt": "q28gdiyN",
                "md5": "291987daea22bb91775226574925b271",
                "sha1": "a0463a26ea5c2ff4f3ad498fd01c5994926e5021",
                "sha256": 
"6583eb74ca08bfac50b3b29aa52c9f02ea5d9d017fef0e5a5a6fae4f5225f928"
            },
            "dob": {
                "date": "1980-11-01T23:10:05.403Z",
                "age": 40
            },
            "registered": {
                "date": "2013-04-02T02:26:52.904Z",
                "age": 7
            },
            "phone": "(216)-693-7015",
            "cell": "(501)-534-9413",
            "id": {
                "name": "SSN",
                "value": "847-09-2973"
            },
            "picture": {
                "large": 
"https://randomuser.me/api/portraits/women/60.jpg",
                "medium": 
"https://randomuser.me/api/portraits/med/women/60.jpg",
                "thumbnail": 
"https://randomuser.me/api/portraits/thumb/women/60.jpg"
            },
            "nat": "US"
        }
    ],
    "info": {
        "seed": "82a8d8d4a996ba17",
        "results": 1,
        "page": 1,
        "version": "1.3"
    }
}

接下来，您需要为要显示检索到的数据的前端创建一个 HTML 文件。
我们可以使用“div”标签(块级)或“span”标签(内联级)，它们将作为信息的占位符。使用“id”属性，我们可以获得我们想要放置信息的所需“div/span”容器。

HTML

  

  
  
  
  
        
  
  
  
  
  

  

  

    

      

    
    

      
       
    
    

      
       
    
    

    

    

  
    

      
        
          
          
        
        
          
          
        
        
          
          
        
        
          
          
        
      
Age
Gender
Location
Country

    
  

  

脚本标签将包含发出 API 请求和处理响应的代码。这需要放在 body 标签内或作为一个单独的文件。

我们使用 async/await函数，基本上确保即使在页面加载后数据也能显示。

您可以使用console.log(…)方法来检查用户是否正在检索正确的信息。通过在 Web 浏览器中打开控制台窗口(右键单击 -> 检查 -> 控制台或 Chrome/Edge 中的 Ctrl+Shift+J)，可以看到相同的输出。

Javascript

  const api_url = "https://randomuser.me/api/";
  async function getUser() {
  
    // Making an API call (request)
    // and getting the response back
    const response = await fetch(api_url);
  
    // Parsing it to JSON format
    const data = await response.json();
    console.log(data.results);
  
    // Retreiving data from JSON
    const user = data.results[0];
    let { title, first, last } = user.name;
    let { gender, email, phone } = user;
    let image = user.picture.large;
    let image_icon = user.picture.thumbnail;
    let age = user.dob.age;
    let { city, state, country } = user.location;
  
    let fullName = title + ". " + first + " " + last;
    document.title = fullName;
  
    // Accessing the div container and modify/add
    // elements to the containers
    document.getElementById("head").innerHTML = fullName;
    document.getElementById("email").href = "mailto:" + email;
    document.getElementById("email").innerHTML = email;
    document.getElementById("phone").href = "tel:" + phone;
    document.getElementById("phone").innerHTML = phone;
    // accessing the span container
    document.querySelector("#age").textContent = age;
    document.querySelector("#gender").textContent = gender;
  
    document.querySelector("#location").textContent 
            = city + ", " + state;
  
    document.querySelector("#country").textContent = country;
  
    // Creating a new element and appending it
    // to previously created containers
    let img = document.createElement("img");
    let img_div = document.getElementById("user-img");
    img.src = image;
    img_div.append(img);
  
    const favicon = document.getElementById("favicon");
    favicon.setAttribute("href", image_icon);
  }
  
  // Calling the function
  getUser();

最终代码：是上述代码段的组合。

  

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    .content {
      text-align: center;
      padding: 30px;
      margin: 0px auto;
    }
  
    .details {
      margin-left: auto;
      margin-right: auto;
    }
  
    img {
      border-radius: 5px;
      box-shadow: black;
    }
  
    table,
    td {
      border-collapse: collapse;
      margin-left: auto;
      margin-right: auto;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 10px;
      border: 1px solid black;
    }
  

  

  
    
      
    
    
      
       
    
    
      
       
    
    
    
    
  
    
      
        
          
          
        
        
          
          
        
        
          
          
        
        
          
          
        
      AgeGenderLocationCountry
    
  


  const api_url = "https://randomuser.me/api/";
  
  async function getUser() {
    
    // Making an API call (request)
    // and getting the response back
    const response = await fetch(api_url);
  
    // Parsing it to JSON format
    const data = await response.json();
    console.log(data.results);
  
    // Retreiving data from JSON
    const user = data.results[0];
    let { title, first, last } = user.name;
    let { gender, email, phone } = user;
    let image = user.picture.large;
    let image_icon = user.picture.thumbnail;
    let age = user.dob.age;
    let { city, state, country } = user.location;
  
    let fullName = title + ". " + first + " " + last;
    document.title = fullName;
  
    // Accessing the div container and modify/add
    // elements to the containers
    document.getElementById("head").innerHTML = fullName;
    document.getElementById("email").href = "mailto:" + email;
    document.getElementById("email").innerHTML = email;
    document.getElementById("phone").href = "tel:" + phone;
    document.getElementById("phone").innerHTML = phone;
    // accessing the span container
    document.querySelector("#age").textContent = age;
    document.querySelector("#gender").textContent = gender;
  
    document.querySelector("#location").textContent 
          = city + ", " + state;
      
    document.querySelector("#country").textContent = country;
  
    // Creating a new element and appending it
    // to previously created containers
    let img = document.createElement("img");
    let img_div = document.getElementById("user-img");
    img.src = image;
    img_div.append(img);
  
    const favicon = document.getElementById("favicon");
    favicon.setAttribute("href", image_icon);
  }
  
  // Calling the function
  getUser();

  

输出：

想要更多地探索 API 并深入研究它，请参阅拥有大量公开可用 API 的公共 API，以推动您的 API 探索之旅。

测试 API 的响应类型 Postman 是一个了不起的应用程序，它将满足您的所有需求。您可以使用 Postman API 开发文章深入了解如何使用它。另一种选择是 Postman API，它将帮助您在浏览器本身上执行相同的任务。