在当今世界,大多数应用程序严重依赖通过 Internet 从服务器获取信息。在Flutter,此类服务由http 包提供。在本文中,我们将探讨相同的内容。
要从 Internet 获取数据,请按照以下步骤操作:
- 导入http包
- 使用 http 包发出网络请求
- 将响应转换为自定义Dart对象
- 以合适的格式显示数据
导入 http 包:
要安装 http 包,请在命令提示符中使用以下命令:
pub get
或者,如果您使用的是flutter cmd,请使用以下命令:
flutter pub get
安装完成后,将依赖添加到 pubsec.yml 文件中,如下所示:
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
请求数据:
我们可以使用http.get()方法从 JSONPlaceholder 获取示例专辑数据,如下所示:
Dart
Future fetchAlbum() {
return http.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1');
}
Dart
class Album {
final int userId;
final int id;
final String title;
Album({this.userId, this.id, this.title});
factory Album.fromJson(Map json) {
return Album(
userId: json['userId'],
id: json['id'],
title: json['title'],
);
}
}
Dart
Future fetchAlbum() async {
final response = await http.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1');
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
return Album.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
} else {
throw Exception('Failed to load album');
}
}
Dart
class _MyAppState extends State {
Future futureAlbum;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
futureAlbum = fetchAlbum();
}
Dart
FutureBuilder(
future: futureAlbum,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
if (snapshot.hasData) {
return Text(snapshot.data.title);
} else if (snapshot.hasError) {
return Text("${snapshot.error}");
}
// spinner
return CircularProgressIndicator();
},
);
Dart
import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
Future fetchAlbum() async {
final response =
await http.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1');
// Appropriate action depending upon the
// server response
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
return Album.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
} else {
throw Exception('Failed to load album');
}
}
class Album {
final int userId;
final int id;
final String title;
Album({this.userId, this.id, this.title});
factory Album.fromJson(Map json) {
return Album(
userId: json['userId'],
id: json['id'],
title: json['title'],
);
}
}
void main() => runApp(MyApp());
class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
MyApp({Key key}) : super(key: key);
@override
_MyAppState createState() => _MyAppState();
}
class _MyAppState extends State {
Future futureAlbum;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
futureAlbum = fetchAlbum();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Fetching Data',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('GeeksForGeeks'),
),
body: Center(
child: FutureBuilder(
future: futureAlbum,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
if (snapshot.hasData) {
return Text(snapshot.data.title);
} else if (snapshot.hasError) {
return Text("${snapshot.error}");
}
return CircularProgressIndicator();
},
),
),
),
);
}
}
转换响应:
虽然发出网络请求没什么大不了的,但处理原始响应数据可能很不方便。为了让您的生活更轻松,将原始数据(即 http.response)转换为dart对象。在这里,我们将创建一个包含 JSON 数据的 Album 类,如下所示:
Dart
class Album {
final int userId;
final int id;
final String title;
Album({this.userId, this.id, this.title});
factory Album.fromJson(Map json) {
return Album(
userId: json['userId'],
id: json['id'],
title: json['title'],
);
}
}
将 http.Respone 转换为相册:
现在,按照以下步骤更新fetchAlbum()函数以返回Future
- 使用dart: convert 包将响应正文转换为 JSON Map。
- 如果服务器返回状态码为 200 的 OK 响应,则使用fromJSON()工厂方法将 JSON Map 转换为 Album。
- 如果服务器没有返回状态码为 200 的 OK 响应,则抛出异常。
Dart
Future fetchAlbum() async {
final response = await http.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1');
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
return Album.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
} else {
throw Exception('Failed to load album');
}
}
获取数据:
现在使用fetch() 方法来获取数据,如下所示:
Dart
class _MyAppState extends State {
Future futureAlbum;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
futureAlbum = fetchAlbum();
}
显示数据:
使用FlutterBuilder小部件在屏幕上显示数据,如下所示:
Dart
FutureBuilder(
future: futureAlbum,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
if (snapshot.hasData) {
return Text(snapshot.data.title);
} else if (snapshot.hasError) {
return Text("${snapshot.error}");
}
// spinner
return CircularProgressIndicator();
},
);
完整的源代码:
Dart
import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
Future fetchAlbum() async {
final response =
await http.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1');
// Appropriate action depending upon the
// server response
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
return Album.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
} else {
throw Exception('Failed to load album');
}
}
class Album {
final int userId;
final int id;
final String title;
Album({this.userId, this.id, this.title});
factory Album.fromJson(Map json) {
return Album(
userId: json['userId'],
id: json['id'],
title: json['title'],
);
}
}
void main() => runApp(MyApp());
class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
MyApp({Key key}) : super(key: key);
@override
_MyAppState createState() => _MyAppState();
}
class _MyAppState extends State {
Future futureAlbum;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
futureAlbum = fetchAlbum();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Fetching Data',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('GeeksForGeeks'),
),
body: Center(
child: FutureBuilder(
future: futureAlbum,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
if (snapshot.hasData) {
return Text(snapshot.data.title);
} else if (snapshot.hasError) {
return Text("${snapshot.error}");
}
return CircularProgressIndicator();
},
),
),
),
);
}
}
输出:
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