MATLAB： MATLAB 代表矩阵实验室。 MATLAB 是一种高性能语言，最初旨在提供对由项目 LINPACK(线性系统包)和 EISPACK(特征系统包)设计的矩阵软件的访问。它整合了计算、可视化和编程的环境。 MATLAB 提供了现代语言编程环境：它具有复杂的数据结构，提供内置的编辑和调试软件，并支持面向对象的编程。它由 MathWorks 于 1984 年开发。 Cleve Molar 的 Inc. 公司。它是用 C、C++ 和Java编写的。
MATLAB 的优点：
- MATLAB 和其他编程语言一起，提供了更好的绘图或数据可视化。
- 我们可以在一行或几行的帮助下将一个包与其他包集成。
- 在数值计算或分析方面，MATLAB 比其他编程语言提供更快的结果。
R 编程语言： R 是一种开源编程语言，为统计分析、图形描述和报告提供软件环境。 R 是一种解释型计算机语言，它允许分支和循环以及使用函数的模块化编程。为了获得更高的精度，它允许与用 C、C++、.Net、 Python或 FORTRAN 语言编写的程序集成。 R 可以在常见部署的系统中找到，例如 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS。
R的优点：
- R 是最全面的统计分析软件包。由于新技术和概念通常首先出现在 R 中。
- R 是一种跨平台编程，可以在任何操作系统上运行。
- R 有一组丰富的包。
下表列出了 MATLAB 和 R 编程语言之间的差异：
| Based on | MATLAB | R Programming Language |
|---|---|---|
| Language Type |
Matlab is a high-performance language. |
R is an interpreted language. |
| Usage |
Matlab is used for other mathematical factors such as calculus, designing graphs, matrix manipulation, signal processing etc. |
R is being used to solve statistical-related problems and has many pre-packaged applications that help resolve analytical problems, so R is recommended over Matlab in the field of analytics. |
| Object-oriented Programming |
In Matlab, a class can be specified as a folder or function directory used to work with objects of that class. |
R classes are accessible in packages format. |
| Open-source and Cost |
Matlab is an not an open-source. Since Matlab has the license cost attached, the amount of code available online is exiguous. |
R is an open-source and has a huge amount of open source codes available online for free. |
| Operating System |
Unless different operating systems are installed on the same physical machine, Matlab cannot run the same licensed version on the different operating systems. |
R can run on any operating system such as Windows, Linux and MacOS. |
| Ease of Use |
Matlab is easier to learn, because it has a lot of tool kits for most of the functionalities. |
R follows the syntax of programming language thus, making it hard for the newcomer to comprehend. |
| Performance |
When it comes to basic programming functions Matlab is quicker than R. So, it is used in statistics and machine learning. |
R is slower than Matlab. But proficient programmer in R can accomplish results faster and boost efficiency. |
| Support and Documentation |
Matlab is licensed. So, it has closed community and documentation for MATLAB is incomparable and exceptional. |
As R is an open source language, it has a large developer community for support and documentation. |
| Machine Learning |
Matlab provides statistics as well as machine learning toolbox. |
R has extensive library sets for machine learning. |
| Visualization |
To have the graphical user interface, Matlab provides 2D and 3D plotting features. |
R offers four different graphic implementations such as Base graphics, Grid graphics, Lattice graphics, and Ggplot2. |