先决条件 – 计算机分类
1. 模拟计算机：
模拟计算机系统是非常古老的计算机系统，它以连续可变的物理量/实体(如机械、电气、液压等)的形式对数学变量进行操作。它们使用连续值而不是离散值，因此它们对模拟信号起作用。在 1950 年代至 1960 年代，这些模拟计算机首次被使用。模拟计算机在接受问题方面受到限制，而且它们永远不可能非常准确。
2. 数码电脑：
数字计算机是使用二进制数字系统的计算机系统/机器，它有两个数字：0 和 1，并执行许多计算任务。它处理以离散形式表示的数据，数字计算机的三个主要组成部分是输入、处理和输出。第一台数字计算机是为 1940 年代后期的数值计算而设计的。数字计算机提供更准确的结果，因为它不依赖于处理任务的物理量。
模拟计算机和数字计算机的区别：
| S.No. | ANALOG COMPUTER | DIGITAL COMPUTER |
|---|---|---|
| 01. | Analog computers works with continuous values or these types of systems process continuous data. | Digital computers works with discrete values or these types of systems process discrete data. |
| 02. | Speed of analog computers is less than the digital computers. | Speed of digital computers is more than the analog computers. |
| 03. | Analog computer has very low or limited memory and it can store less amount of data. | Digital computer has very big memory it can store large amount of data. |
| 04. | Analog computer has no state. | Digital computer has On and Off these 2 steps. |
| 05. | Analog computers are less reliable than digital computers. | Digital computers are more reliable than analog computers. |
| 06. | Its performance is comparatively low. | Its performance is very high. |
| 07. | Its speed of processing is not so high. | Its speed of processing is very high. |
| 08. | Analog computers depends upon physical variations. | Digital computers does not depend upon physical variations. |
| 09. | It provides results with less accuracy as compared to digital computers. | It provides results with higher accuracy as compared to analog computers. |
| 10. | Analog computers are difficult to use. | Digital computers are not so difficult to use. |
| 11. | Analog computers have complex architecture. | Digital computers do not have so complex architecture like analog computers. |
| 12. | Readability of analog computer is low. | Readability of digital computer is high. |
| 13. | Analog computers show the result in terms of voltage signals. | Digital computers show the result in computer display screen. |
| 14. | Analog computers employs analog encoding. | Digital computers employs digital encoding. |
| 15. | Power consumption is high. | Power consumption is low. |
| 16. | They are usually special purpose devices. | It can be general purpose devices. |
| 17. | Examples includes analog clock and thermometer etc. | Examples includes Digital laptop, digital camera, digital watches etc. |