在本文中,我们将看到 FCFS 如何成为一种特殊的优先级抢占式调度算法。此外,我们将介绍彼此的关系。让我们一一讨论。
1. 先来先服务 (FCFS) 调度算法:
FCFS 是最简单的 CPU 调度算法,它执行先到的进程。它是一种非抢占式算法。第一个到达就绪队列的进程首先由 CPU 执行,然后是第二个,然后是第三个,依此类推。进程的到达时间是这里的决定因素。就绪队列的作用类似于 FIFO(先进先出)队列。
例子 –
这是进程列表、它们的到达时间和突发时间。甘特图显示了它们是如何执行的。
PROCESS | ARRIVAL TIME | BURST TIME |
---|---|---|
P1 | 0 | 10 |
P2 | 3 | 5 |
P3 | 5 | 2 |
P4 | 6 | 6 |
P5 | 8 | 4 |
当进程接近就绪队列时,它们被一一送到CPU 执行。除非第一个到达的进程完成其执行,否则下一个进程没有机会。
2.抢占式优先调度算法:
在抢占式优先级调度算法中,进程带有附加的优先级。优先级数字越低,附加到进程的优先级就越高。到达时具有更高优先级的进程会抢占正在进行的进程。它得到CPU。优先级为 1 的进程无论何时到达都会获得 CPU,并且永远不会被抢占。它的响应时间为 0。按 FCFS 顺序调度同等优先级的进程。
例子 –
这是进程列表、它们的到达时间和突发时间。甘特图显示了它们是如何执行的。
PROCESS | ARRIVAL TIME | BURST TIME | PRIORITY | |
---|---|---|---|---|
TOTAL | REMAINING | |||
P1 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
P2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
P3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 |
P4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
P5 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
FCFS 是一种特殊的抢占优先级调度算法:
FCFS 执行最先出现在就绪队列中的进程。这意味着它优先考虑进程的到达时间。先到的进程比其他进程具有更高的优先级,因此首先获得 CPU。因此,我们说 FCFS 是一种特殊的抢占优先级调度算法,其中较早的到达时间具有更高的优先级。
抢占优先级是一种特殊的 FCFS 调度算法:
当有相同优先级进程时,抢占优先级调度算法的作用类似于 FCFS。如果两个进程的优先级相同,则先执行到达时间早的进程。因此,我们说抢占优先级是一种特殊的 FCFS 调度算法。
FCFS 和抢占式优先级调度算法的区别:
S.NO. | FIRST COME FIRST SERVE | PREEMPTIVE PRIORITY |
---|---|---|
1. | It executes processes in the same sequence as they enter the ready queue. | It executes those processes first that have the highest priortiy. |
2. | It is a non preemptive process. | It is a preemptive process. |
3. | It is the simple most process of all. | It is more complicated to implement. |
4. | The response and waiting time of the processes that come later increase a lot. | It is more effective as the response time and waiting time of the processes decrease significantly. |
5. | The processes that enter the ready queue last have to wait the most. If the processes at the beginning have a large burst time then the whole system gets delayed. | The processes with the lowest priority have to wait the most. They are executed very late even though their burst times may be very small. |
6. | FCFS acts as a Preemptive Priority Scheduling Algorithm where earlier arrival time has higher priority. | Preemptive Priority Scheduling Algorithm acts like FCFS when there are equal priority processes. |