给定一个由N 个整数组成的数组arr[] ，任务是找到数字互为异位词的整数，并打印它们的最大值和最小值之间的差值。如果没有任何数字形成字谜，则打印-1 。
注意：最多一组数组元素可以是彼此的字谜。该数组至少包含两个数字，并且给定数组中的所有数字长度相同。
例子：
Input: arr[] = {121, 312, 234, 211, 112, 102}
Output: 99
Explanation: In the given array, the set {121, 211, 112} are anagrams of each other.
The largest value from the set is 211.
The smallest value from the set is 112.
Therefore, difference = 211 – 112 = 99.
Input: arr[] = {345, 441, 604, 189, 113}
Output: -1
方法：想法是通过为每个字谜编号生成唯一的哈希值，使用哈希来确定字谜。请按照以下步骤解决问题：
- 使用素数进行散列，并通过用前 10 个素数初始化数组prime[10]将前 10 个素数分配给数字 0-9。
prime[10] = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
prime[0] = 2 i.e. prime number corresponding to the digit 0 is “2”
prime[1] = 3 i.e. prime number corresponding to the digit 1 is “3”
prime[2] = 5 i.e. prime number corresponding to the digit 2 is “5” and so on…
- 然后，通过与arr[i] 的每个数字对应的素数相乘，找到每个数组元素arr[i]的哈希值。这样，对于不是字谜的数字，哈希值将不同。
- 使用hashfunction(N)找到每个数组元素arr[i]的哈希值h 。
- 将数组元素存储在 map 中，键作为它们的哈希值h 。
- 遍历地图找到一个大小大于1的向量，并找到它的最大和最小元素。如果不存在这样的向量，则打印 -1。
下面是上述方法的实现：
C++
// C++ program for the above approach
#include
using namespace std;
// Utility function to find the hash value
// for each element of the given array
int hashFunction(int N)
{
// Initialize an array with
// first 10 prime numbers
int prime[10] = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,
13, 17, 19, 23, 29 };
int value = 1, r;
// Iterate over digits of N
while (N != 0) {
r = N % 10;
// Update Hash Value
value = value * prime[r];
// Update N
N = N / 10;
}
return value;
}
// Function to find the set of anagrams in the array
// and print the difference between the maximum and
// minimum of these numbers
void findDiff(int arr[], int n)
{
// Map to store the hash value
// and the array elements having that hash value
map > m;
int h, min, max;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// Find the hash value for each arr[i]
// by calling hash function
h = hashFunction(arr[i]);
m[h].push_back(arr[i]);
}
// Iterate over the map
for (auto i = 0; i != m.size(); i++) {
// If size of vector at m[i] greater than 1
// then it must contain the anagrams
if (m[i].size() > 1) {
// Find the minimum and maximum
// element of this anagrams vector
min = *min_element(
m[i].begin(), m[i].end());
max = *max_element(
m[i].begin(), m[i].end());
// Display the difference
cout << max - min;
break;
}
// If the end of Map is reached,
// then no anagrams are present
else if (i == m.size() - 1)
cout << -1;
}
}
// Driver Code
int main()
{
// Given array
int arr[] = { 121, 312, 234,
211, 112, 102 };
// Size of the array
int N = sizeof(arr)
/ sizeof(arr[0]);
findDiff(arr, N);
return 0;
} Java
// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
class GFG{
// Utility function to find the hash value
// for each element of the given array
static int hashFunction(int N)
{
// Initialize an array with
// first 10 prime numbers
int[] prime = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
17, 19, 23, 29 };
int value = 1, r;
// Iterate over digits of N
while (N != 0)
{
r = N % 10;
// Update Hash Value
value = value * prime[r];
// Update N
N = N / 10;
}
return value;
}
// Function to find the set of anagrams in the array
// and print the difference between the maximum and
// minimum of these numbers
static void findDiff(int[] arr, int n)
{
// Map to store the hash value
// and the array elements having that hash value
HashMap> m = new HashMap<>();
int h, min, max;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
// Find the hash value for each arr[i]
// by calling hash function
h = hashFunction(arr[i]);
if (!m.containsKey(h))
{
m.put(h, new Vector());
}
m.get(h).add(arr[i]);
}
for(Map.Entry> i : m.entrySet())
{
// If size of vector at m[i] greater than 1
// then it must contain the anagrams
if (i.getValue().size() > 1)
{
// Find the minimum and maximum
// element of this anagrams vector
min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
max = -(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
for (int j = 0; j < i.getValue().size(); j++)
{
if (m.get(i.getKey()).get(j) < min)
{
min = m.get(i.getKey()).get(j);
}
if (m.get(i.getKey()).get(j) > max)
{
max = m.get(i.getKey()).get(j);
}
}
// Display the difference
System.out.print(max - min);
break;
}
// If the end of Map is reached,
// then no anagrams are present
else if (m.get(i.getKey()) == m.values().toArray()[m.size() - 1])
System.out.print(-1);
}
}
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Given array
int[] arr = { 121, 312, 234,
211, 112, 102 };
// Size of the array
int N = arr.length;
findDiff(arr, N);
}
}
// This code is contributed by divyeshrabadiya07 Python3
# Python3 program for the above approach
import math
from collections import defaultdict
# Utility function to find the hash value
# for each element of the given array
def hashFunction(N) :
# Initialize an array with
# first 10 prime numbers
prime = [ 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,
13, 17, 19, 23, 29 ]
value = 1
# Iterate over digits of N
while (N != 0) :
r = N % 10
# Update Hash Value
value = value * prime[r]
# Update N
N = N // 10
return value
# Function to find the set of anagrams in the array
# and print the difference between the maximum and
# minimum of these numbers
def findDiff(arr, n):
# Map to store the hash value
# and the array elements having that hash value
m = defaultdict(lambda : [])
for i in range(n):
# Find the hash value for each arr[i]
# by calling hash function
h = hashFunction(arr[i])
m[h].append(arr[i])
# Iterate over the map
i = 0
while(i != len(m)) :
# If size of vector at m[i] greater than 1
# then it must contain the anagrams
if (len(m[i]) > 1) :
# Find the minimum and maximum
# element of this anagrams vector
minn = min(m[i])
maxx = max(m[i])
# Display the difference
print(maxx - minn)
break
# If the end of Map is reached,
# then no anagrams are present
elif (i == (len(m) - 1)) :
print(-1)
i += 1
# Driver Code
# Given array
arr = [ 121, 312, 234,
211, 112, 102 ]
# Size of the array
N = len(arr)
findDiff(arr, N)
# This code is contributed by sanjoy_62.C#
// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
class GFG {
// Utility function to find the hash value
// for each element of the given array
static int hashFunction(int N)
{
// Initialize an array with
// first 10 prime numbers
int[] prime = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 };
int value = 1, r;
// Iterate over digits of N
while (N != 0) {
r = N % 10;
// Update Hash Value
value = value * prime[r];
// Update N
N = N / 10;
}
return value;
}
// Function to find the set of anagrams in the array
// and print the difference between the maximum and
// minimum of these numbers
static void findDiff(int[] arr, int n)
{
// Map to store the hash value
// and the array elements having that hash value
Dictionary> m = new Dictionary>();
int h, min, max;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// Find the hash value for each arr[i]
// by calling hash function
h = hashFunction(arr[i]);
if(!m.ContainsKey(h))
{
m[h] = new List();
}
m[h].Add(arr[i]);
}
// Iterate over the map
foreach(KeyValuePair> i in m)
{
// If size of vector at m[i] greater than 1
// then it must contain the anagrams
if (i.Value.Count > 1) {
// Find the minimum and maximum
// element of this anagrams vector
min = Int32.MaxValue;
max = Int32.MinValue;
for(int j = 0; j < i.Value.Count; j++)
{
if(m[i.Key][j] < min)
{
min = m[i.Key][j];
}
if(m[i.Key][j] > max)
{
max = m[i.Key][j];
}
}
// Display the difference
Console.Write(max - min);
break;
}
// If the end of Map is reached,
// then no anagrams are present
else if (m[i.Key].Equals( m.Last().Value ))
Console.Write(-1);
}
}
// Driver code
static void Main()
{
// Given array
int[] arr = { 121, 312, 234,
211, 112, 102 };
// Size of the array
int N = arr.Length;
findDiff(arr, N);
}
}
// This code is contributed by divyesh072019. 输出：
99时间复杂度：O(N*logN)
辅助空间： O(N)
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