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📜  Ansible-角色

📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-02 03:14:11             🧑  作者: Mango

角色提供了一个框架，用于完全独立或相互依赖的变量，任务，文件，模板和模块的集合。

在Ansible中，角色是将剧本分成多个文件的主要机制。这简化了编写复杂剧本的过程，并使它们更易于重用。剧本的拆分使您可以从逻辑上将剧本拆分为可重用的组件。

每个角色基本上都限于特定的功能或所需的输出，并具有在该角色本身内或在列为依赖项的其他角色内提供结果的所有必要步骤。

角色不是剧本。角色是很小的功能，可以独立使用，但必须在剧本中使用。无法直接执行角色。角色没有明确设置该角色将应用于哪个主机。

顶级剧本是将清单文件中的主机承载到应应用于这些主机的角色的桥梁。

创建一个新角色

角色的目录结构对于创建新角色至关重要。

角色结构

角色在文件系统上具有结构化的布局。可以更改默认结构，但现在让我们继续使用默认值。

每个角色本身就是一个目录树。角色名称是/ roles目录中的目录名称。

$ ansible-galaxy -h

用法

ansible-galaxy [delete|import|info|init|install|list|login|remove|search|setup] [--help] [options] ...

选件

  • -h， — help-显示此帮助消息并退出。

  • -v， –verbose-详细模式(-vvv了解更多，-vvvv启用连接调试)

  • –version-显示程序的版本号并退出。

创建角色目录

上面的命令已创建角色目录。

$ ansible-galaxy init vivekrole 
ERROR! The API server (https://galaxy.ansible.com/api/) is not responding, please try again later. 

$ ansible-galaxy init --force --offline vivekrole 
- vivekrole was created successfully 

$ tree vivekrole/ 
vivekrole/ 
├── defaults 
│   └── main.yml 
├── files ├── handlers 
│   └── main.yml 
├── meta 
│   └── main.yml 
├── README.md ├── tasks 
│   └── main.yml 
├── templates ├── tests │   ├── inventory 
│   └── test.yml 
└── vars 
    └── main.yml 
 
8 directories, 8 files

在示例中，并非所有目录都将使用，在示例中，我们将展示其中一些目录的用法。

利用剧本中的角色

这是我们为演示目的编写的剧本的代码。该代码来自剧本vivek_orchestrate.yml。我们定义了主机： tomcat-node，并称为两个角色– install-tomcat和start-tomcat 。

问题陈述是，我们有一场战争，我们需要通过Ansible部署在计算机上。

--- 
- hosts: tomcat-node 
roles: 
   - {role: install-tomcat} 
   - {role: start-tomcat}

运行剧本的目录结构的内容。

目录

$ ls 
ansible.cfg  hosts  roles  vivek_orchestrate.retry vivek_orchestrate.yml

的角色

每个目录下都有一个任务目录，其中包含一个main.yml。 install-tomcat的main.yml内容是-

--- 
#Install vivek artifacts 
-  
   block: 
      - name: Install Tomcat artifacts
         action: > 
            yum name = "demo-tomcat-1" state = present 
         register: Output 
          
   always: 
      - debug: 
         msg: 
            - "Install Tomcat artifacts task ended with message: {{Output}}" 
            - "Installed Tomcat artifacts - {{Output.changed}}"

起始tomcat的main.yml的内容是-

#Start Tomcat          
-  
   block: 
      - name: Start Tomcat 
      command: /bin/startup.sh" 
      register: output 
      become: true 
   
   always: 
      - debug: 
         msg: 
            - "Start Tomcat task ended with message: {{output}}" 
            - "Tomcat started - {{output.changed}}"

将剧本划分为角色的好处是，想要使用Install tomcat功能的任何人都可以调用Install Tomcat角色。

将剧本转变为角色

如果不是角色，则可以将各自角色的main.yml的内容复制到playbook yml文件中。但是为了具有模块化，创建了角色。

可以作为可重用函数用的任何逻辑实体，可以将该实体转移到角色中。上面的例子

运行命令以运行剧本。

-vvv option for verbose output – verbose output 
$ cd vivek-playbook/

这是运行剧本的命令

$ sudo ansible-playbook -i hosts vivek_orchestrate.yml –vvv 
-----------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

输出

生成的输出如屏幕上所示-

使用/users/demo/vivek-playbook/ansible.cfg作为配置文件。

PLAYBOOK: vivek_orchestrate.yml *********************************************************
*********************************************************** 
1 plays in vivek_orchestrate.yml 

PLAY [tomcat-node] **********************************************************************
******** ************************************************* 
 
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************
****************************** ********************************************* 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:05 +0530 (0:00:00.056) 0:00:00.056 ****** 
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/system/setup.py 
 ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249525.88-259535494116870 `" && 
   echo ansible-tmp-1511249525.88-259535494116870="` 
   echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249525.88-259535494116870 `" ) && sleep 0' 
 PUT /tmp/tmpPEPrkd TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249525.88259535494116870/setup.py 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249525.88-259535494116870/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249525.88259535494116870/setup.py && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249525.88-259535494116870/setup.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249525.88-259535494116870/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0' 
ok: [server1] 
META: ran handlers 
 
TASK [install-tomcat : Install Tomcat artifacts] ***********************************
*************************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:07 +0530 (0:00:01.515)       0:00:01.572 ****** 
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/packaging/os/yum.py 
 ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249527.34-40247177825302 `" && echo 
   ansibletmp-1511249527.34-40247177825302="` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302 `" ) && sleep 0' 
 PUT /tmp/tmpu83chg TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249527.3440247177825302/yum.py 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249527.3440247177825302/yum.py && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302/yum.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249527.34-40247177825302/" > /dev/null 2>
   &1 && sleep 0' 
changed: [server1] => { 
   "changed": true, 
   "invocation": { 
      "module_args": { 
         "conf_file": null, 
         "disable_gpg_check": false, 
         "disablerepo": null, 
         "enablerepo": null, 
         "exclude": null, 
         "install_repoquery": true, 
         "installroot": "/", 
         "list": null, 
         "name": ["demo-tomcat-1"], 
         "skip_broken": false, 
         "state": "present", 
         "update_cache": false, 
         "validate_certs": true 
      } 
   }, 
   "msg": "", 
   "rc": 0, 
   "results": [ 
      "Loaded plugins: product-id, 
      search-disabled-repos, 
      subscriptionmanager\nThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. 
      You can use subscription-manager to register.\nResolving Dependencies\n--> 
      Running transaction check\n---> 
      Package demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency 
      Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n
      \n================================================================================\n 
      Package Arch Version Repository         
      Size\n==================================================================\nInstalling:\n 
      demo-tomcat-1 noarch SNAPSHOT-1 demo-repo1 7.1 M\n\nTransaction 
      Summary\n==================================================================\nInstall  1 
      Package\n\nTotal download size: 7.1 M\nInstalled size: 7.9 M\nDownloading 
         packages:\nRunning transaction 
      check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n  Installing : 
      demotomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch 1/1 \n  Verifying  : 
      demo-tomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n  
      demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 \n\nComplete!\n" 
   ] 
} 
 
TASK [install-tomcat : debug] **********************************************************
*************************************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:11 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:13 +0530 (0:00:06.757) 0:00:08.329 ****** 
ok: [server1] => { 
   "changed": false, 
   "msg": [ 
      "Install Tomcat artifacts task ended with message: {
         u'msg': u'', u'changed': True, u'results': 
         [u'Loaded plugins: product-id, 
         search-disabledrepos, 
         subscription-manager\\nThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. 
         You can use subscription-manager to register.\\nResolving Dependencies\\n--> 
         Running transaction check\\n---> 
         Package demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1 will be installed\\n--> 
         Finished Dependency Resolution\\n
         \\nDependencies 
         Resolved\\n\\n==================================================================\\n 
         Package Arch Version Repository         
         Size\\n======================================================================== 
         =====\\nInstalling:\\n demo-tomcat-1 noarch SNAPSHOT-1 demo-repo1 7.1 M\\n\\nTransaction 
         Summary\\n=========================================================\\nInstall  1 
         Package\\n\\nTotal download size: 7.1 M\\nInstalled size: 7.9 M\\nDownloading 
            packages:\\nRunning 
         transaction check\\nRunning transaction test\\nTransaction test succeeded\\nRunning 
            transaction\\n  
         Installing : demo-tomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch 1/1 \\n  Verifying  : 
         demo-tomcat-1-SNAPSHOT-1.noarch
         1/1 \\n\\nInstalled:\\n  demo-tomcat-1.noarch 0:SNAPSHOT-1  \\n\\nComplete!\\n'], u'rc': 0
      }", 
      "Installed Tomcat artifacts - True" 
   ] 
} 
 
TASK [install-tomcat : Clean DEMO environment] ****************************************
************************************************************ 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:19 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:13 +0530 (0:00:00.057) 0:00:08.387 ****** 
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or 
   {% %}. Found: {{installationOutput.changed}} 
 
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/files/file.py 
 ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.13-128345805983963 `" && echo 
   ansible-tmp-1511249534.13-128345805983963="` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249534.13-128345805983963 `" ) && sleep 0' 
 PUT /tmp/tmp0aXel7 TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.13128345805983963/file.py 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.13-128345805983963/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.13128345805983963/file.py && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.13-128345805983963/file.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.13-128345805983963/" > /dev/null 2>&1 
   && sleep 0' 
changed: [server1] => { 
   "changed": true, 
      "diff": { 
         "after": { 
            "path": "/users/demo/DEMO", 
            "state": "absent" 
      }, 
      "before": { 
         "path": "/users/demo/DEMO", 
         "state": "directory" 
      } 
   },

   "invocation": { 
      "module_args": { 
         "attributes": null, 
         "backup": null, 
         "content": null, 
         "delimiter": null, 
         "diff_peek": null, 
         "directory_mode": null, 
         "follow": false, 
         "force": false, 
         "group": null, 
         "mode": null, 
         "original_basename": null, 
         "owner": null, 
         "path": "/users/demo/DEMO", 
         "recurse": false, 
         "regexp": null, 
         "remote_src": null, 
         "selevel": null, 
         "serole": null, 
         "setype": null, 
         "seuser": null, 
         "src": null, 
         "state": "absent", 
         "unsafe_writes": null, 
         "validate": null 
      } 
   }, 
   "path": "/users/demo/DEMO", 
   "state": "absent" 
} 
 
TASK [install-tomcat : debug] ********************************************************
************************************************************* 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:29 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.257)       0:00:08.645 ****** 
ok: [server1] => {
   "changed": false, 
   "msg": [ 
      "Clean DEMO environment task ended with message:{u'diff': {u'after': {u'path': 
         u'/users/demo/DEMO', u'state': u'absent'}, 
      u'before': {u'path': u'/users/demo/DEMO', u'state': u'directory'}}, u'state': u'absent', 
         u'changed': True, u'path': u'/users/demo/DEMO'}", 
      "check value  :True" 
   ] 
} 
 
TASK [install-tomcat : Copy Tomcat to user home] *************************************
******************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:37 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.055)       0:00:08.701 ****** 
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or 
   {% %}. Found: {{installationOutput.changed}} 
 
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/commands/command.py 
 ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.43-41077200718443 `" && echo 
   ansibletmp-1511249534.43-41077200718443="` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.43-41077200718443 `" ) && sleep 0' 
 PUT /tmp/tmp25deWs TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.4341077200718443/command.py 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.43-41077200718443/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.4341077200718443/command.py && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.43-41077200718443/command.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249534.43-41077200718443/" > /dev/null 2>&1 
   && sleep 0' 
changed: [server1] => { 
   "changed": true, 
   "cmd": [ 
      "cp", 
      "-r", 
      "/opt/ansible/tomcat/demo", 
      "/users/demo/DEMO/" 
   ],
   "delta": "0:00:00.017923", 
   "end": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.547633", 
   "invocation": { 
      "module_args": { 
         "_raw_params": "cp -r /opt/ansible/tomcat/demo /users/demo/DEMO/", 
         "_uses_shell": false, 
         "chdir": null, 
         "creates": null, 
         "executable": null, 
         "removes": null, 
         "warn": true 
      } 
   }, 
   "rc": 0, 
   "start": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.529710", 
   "stderr": "", 
   "stderr_lines": [], 
   "stdout": "", 
   "stdout_lines": [] 
} 
 
TASK [install-tomcat : debug] ********************************************************
********************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:47 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.260)       0:00:08.961 ****** 
ok: [server1] => { 
   "changed": false, 
   "msg": "Copy Tomcat to user home task ended with message {
      'stderr_lines': [], u'changed': True, u'end': u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.547633', u'stdout': 
      u'', u'cmd': [u'cp', u'-r', u'/opt/ansible/tomcat/demo', u'/users/demo/DEMO/'], u'rc': 0, 
      u'start': u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.529710', u'stderr': u'', u'delta': u'0:00:00.017923', 
      'stdout_lines': []}" 
} 
 
TASK [start-tomcat : Start Tomcat] **************************************************
********************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.044)       0:00:09.006 ****** 
Using module file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/ansible/modules/commands/command.py 
 ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: root 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'echo ~ && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.63-46501211251197 `" && echo 
   ansibletmp-1511249534.63-46501211251197="` echo 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.63-46501211251197 `" ) && sleep 0' 
 PUT /tmp/tmp9f06MQ TO 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.6346501211251197/command.py 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c 'chmod u+x 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.63-46501211251197/ 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1511249534.6346501211251197/command.py && sleep 0' 
 EXEC /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/python 
   /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp1511249534.63-46501211251197/command.py; rm -rf 
   "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansibletmp-1511249534.63-46501211251197/" > /dev/null 2>&1 
   && sleep 0' 
changed: [server1] => { 
   "changed": true, 
   "cmd": [ "/users/demo/DEMO/bin/startup.sh" ], 
   "delta": "0:00:00.020024", 
   "end": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.741649", 
   "invocation": { 
      "module_args": { 
         "_raw_params": "/users/demo/DEMO/bin/startup.sh", 
         "_uses_shell": false, 
         "chdir": null, 
         "creates": null, 
         "executable": null, 
         "removes": null, 
         "warn": true 
      } 
   }, 
   "rc": 0, 
   "start": "2017-11-21 13:02:14.721625", 
   "stderr": "", 
   "stderr_lines": [], 
   "stdout": "Tomcat started.", 
   "stdout_lines": [ "Tomcat started." ] 
} 
 
TASK [start-tomcat : debug] *************************************************
********************************************************************** 
task path: /users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:10 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.150)       0:00:09.156 ****** 
ok: [server1] => { 
   "changed": false, 
   "msg": [ 
      "Start Tomcat task ended with message: {'
         stderr_lines': [], u'changed': True, u'end': u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.741649', u'stdout': 
         u'Tomcat started.', u'cmd': [u'/users/demo/DEMO/bin/startup.sh'], u'rc': 0, u'start': 
         u'2017-11-21 13:02:14.721625', u'stderr': u'', u'delta': u'0:00:00.020024', 
         'stdout_lines': [u'Tomcat started.']}", 
      "Tomcat started - True" 
   ] 
} 
META: ran handlers 
META: ran handlers 
 
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************* 
********************************************************* 
server1  : ok = 9    changed = 4    unreachable = 0    failed = 0 
 
Tuesday 21 November 2017  13:02:14 +0530 (0:00:00.042)       0:00:09.198 ****** 
=============================================================================== 
install-tomcat : Install Tomcat artifacts ------------------------------- 6.76s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 -------------- 
Gathering Facts --------------------------------------------------------- 1.52s 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
install-tomcat : Copy Tomcat to user home ------------------------------- 0.26s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:37 ------------- 

install-tomcat : Clean DEMO environment --------------------------------- 0.26s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:19 ------------- 

start-tomcat : Start Tomcat --------------------------------------------- 0.15s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:5 ----------------

install-tomcat : debug -------------------------------------------------- 0.06s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:11 ------------- 

install-tomcat : debug -------------------------------------------------- 0.06s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:29 ------------- 

install-tomcat : debug -------------------------------------------------- 0.04s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/install-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:47 ------------- 

start-tomcat : debug ---------------------------------------------------- 0.04s 
/users/demo/vivek-playbook/roles/start-tomcat/tasks/main.yml:10 ---------------

点击以下URL，您将被定向到如下所示的页面： http://10.76.0.134:11677/HelloWorld/HelloWorld

你好，世界

部署的战争只有一个显示“ Hello World”的servlet。详细的输出显示由于ansible.cfg文件中添加了条目，因此每个任务花费的时间-

[defaults] 
callback_whitelist = profile_tasks