📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-11 05:55:30             🧑  作者: Mango
Spring Boot提供了一种简单的方法来编写Rest Controller文件的单元测试。借助于SpringJUnit4ClassRunner和MockMvc,我们可以创建一个Web应用程序上下文来编写Rest Controller文件的单元测试。
单元测试应该写在src / test / java目录下,而编写测试的类路径资源应该放在src / test / resources目录下。
对于编写单元测试,我们需要在构建配置文件中添加Spring Boot Starter Test依赖项,如下所示。
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-test
test
Gradle用户可以在build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖项。
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
在编写测试用例之前,我们应该首先构建RESTful Web服务。有关构建RESTful Web服务的更多信息,请参阅本教程中同一章的内容。
在本节中,让我们看看如何为REST控制器编写单元测试。
首先,我们需要使用MockMvc创建用于创建Web应用程序上下文的Abstract类文件,并定义mapToJson()和mapFromJson()方法,以将Java对象转换为JSON字符串,并将JSON字符串转换为Java对象。
package com.tutorialspoint.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public abstract class AbstractTest {
protected MockMvc mvc;
@Autowired
WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
protected void setUp() {
mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
}
protected String mapToJson(Object obj) throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
}
protected T mapFromJson(String json, Class clazz)
throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
return objectMapper.readValue(json, clazz);
}
}
接下来,编写一个扩展AbstractTest类的类文件,并为每个方法(例如GET,POST,PUT和DELETE)编写一个单元测试。
GET API测试用例的代码如下。该API用于查看产品列表。
@Test
public void getProductsList() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products";
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(uri)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
Product[] productlist = super.mapFromJson(content, Product[].class);
assertTrue(productlist.length > 0);
}
POST API测试用例的代码如下。该API用于创建产品。
@Test
public void createProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products";
Product product = new Product();
product.setId("3");
product.setName("Ginger");
String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(uri)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE).content(inputJson)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(201, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is created successfully");
}
下面给出了PUT API测试用例的代码。该API用于更新现有产品。
@Test
public void updateProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products/2";
Product product = new Product();
product.setName("Lemon");
String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put(uri)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE).content(inputJson)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is updated successsfully");
}
下面给出了删除API测试用例的代码。此API将删除现有产品。
@Test
public void deleteProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products/2";
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete(uri)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is deleted successsfully");
}
完整的Controller Test类文件在下面给出-
package com.tutorialspoint.demo;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import com.tutorialspoint.demo.model.Product;
public class ProductServiceControllerTest extends AbstractTest {
@Override
@Before
public void setUp() {
super.setUp();
}
@Test
public void getProductsList() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products";
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(uri)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
Product[] productlist = super.mapFromJson(content, Product[].class);
assertTrue(productlist.length > 0);
}
@Test
public void createProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products";
Product product = new Product();
product.setId("3");
product.setName("Ginger");
String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(uri)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
.content(inputJson)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(201, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is created successfully");
}
@Test
public void updateProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products/2";
Product product = new Product();
product.setName("Lemon");
String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put(uri)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
.content(inputJson)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is updated successsfully");
}
@Test
public void deleteProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products/2";
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete(uri)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is deleted successsfully");
}
}
您可以创建一个可执行的JAR文件,并使用下面给出的Maven或Gradle命令运行Spring Boot应用程序-
对于Maven,您可以使用下面给出的命令-
mvn clean install
现在,您可以在控制台窗口中查看测试结果。
对于Gradle,您可以使用如下所示的命令-
gradle clean build
您可以在控制台窗口中看到其余结果,如下所示。