字符串的左旋转和右旋转

给定一个大小为 n 的字符串，编写函数以对字符串执行以下操作 -

1. 向左（或逆时针）将给定的字符串旋转 d 个元素（其中 d <= n）
2. 向右（或顺时针）将给定的字符串旋转 d 个元素（其中 d <= n）。

例子：

Input : s = "GeeksforGeeks"
        d = 2
Output : Left Rotation  : "eksforGeeksGe" 
         Right Rotation : "ksGeeksforGee"  


Input : s = "qwertyu" 
        d = 2
Output : Left rotation : "ertyuqw"
         Right rotation : "yuqwert"

一个简单的解决方案是使用临时字符串进行旋转。对于左旋转，首先复制最后 nd 个字符，然后将前 d 个字符复制到临时字符串。对于右旋转，首先复制最后 d 个字符，然后复制 nd 个字符。

我们可以同时进行原地旋转和 O(n) 时间吗？
这个想法是基于旋转的反转算法。

// Left rotate string s by d (Assuming d <= n)
leftRotate(s, d)
  reverse(s, 0, d-1); // Reverse substring s[0..d-1]
  reverse(s, d, n-1); // Reverse substring s[d..n-1]
  reverse(s, 0, n-1); // Reverse whole string.  

// Right rotate string s by d (Assuming d <= n)
rightRotate(s, d)

  // We can also call above reverse steps
  // with d = n-d.
  leftRotate(s, n-d)  

以下是上述步骤的实现：

C++

// C program for Left Rotation and Right
// Rotation of a String
#include
using namespace std;
 
// In-place rotates s towards left by d
void leftrotate(string &s, int d)
{
    reverse(s.begin(), s.begin()+d);
    reverse(s.begin()+d, s.end());
    reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
}
 
// In-place rotates s towards right by d
void rightrotate(string &s, int d)
{
   leftrotate(s, s.length()-d);
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    string str1 = "GeeksforGeeks";
    leftrotate(str1, 2);
    cout << str1 << endl;
 
    string str2 = "GeeksforGeeks";
    rightrotate(str2, 2);
    cout << str2 << endl;
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for Left Rotation and Right
// Rotation of a String
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG
{
         
    // function that rotates s towards left by d
    static String leftrotate(String str, int d)
    {
            String ans = str.substring(d) + str.substring(0, d);
            return ans;
    }
 
    // function that rotates s towards right by d
    static String rightrotate(String str, int d)
    {
            return leftrotate(str, str.length() - d);
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
            String str1 = "GeeksforGeeks";
            System.out.println(leftrotate(str1, 2));
 
            String str2 = "GeeksforGeeks";
            System.out.println(rightrotate(str2, 2));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by rachana soma

Python3

# Python3 program for Left
# Rotation and Right
# Rotation of a String
 
# In-place rotates s towards left by d
def leftrotate(s, d):
    tmp = s[d : ] + s[0 : d]
    return tmp
   
# In-place rotates s
# towards right by d
def rightrotate(s, d):
   
   return leftrotate(s, len(s) - d)
 
# Driver code
if __name__=="__main__":
     
    str1 = "GeeksforGeeks"
    print(leftrotate(str1, 2))
  
    str2 = "GeeksforGeeks"
    print(rightrotate(str2, 2))
 
# This code is contributed by Rutvik_56

C#

// C# program for Left Rotation and Right
// Rotation of a String
using System;
         
class GFG
{
         
    // function that rotates s towards left by d
    static String leftrotate(String str, int d)
    {
            String ans = str.Substring(d,str.Length-d) + str.Substring(0, d);
            return ans;
    }
 
    // function that rotates s towards right by d
    static String rightrotate(String str, int d)
    {
            return leftrotate(str, str.Length - d);
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void Main(String []args)
    {
            String str1 = "GeeksforGeeks";
            Console.WriteLine(leftrotate(str1, 2));
 
            String str2 = "GeeksforGeeks";
            Console.WriteLine(rightrotate(str2, 2));
    }
}
 
/* This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */

Javascript

 
// JavaScript program for Left Rotation and Right
// Rotation of a String
 
// Function that rotates s towards left by d
function leftrotate(str, d)
{
    var ans = str.substring(d, str.length) +
              str.substring(0, d);
    return ans;
}
 
// Function that rotates s towards right by d
function rightrotate(str, d)
{
    return leftrotate(str, str.length - d);
}
 
// Driver code
var str1 = "GeeksforGeeks";
document.write(leftrotate(str1, 2) + "<br>");
 
var str2 = "GeeksforGeeks";
document.write(rightrotate(str2, 2) + "<br>");
 
// This code is contributed by rdtank
 

输出：

Left rotation:  eksforGeeksGe
Right rotation:  ksGeeksforGee                 

时间复杂度： O(N)

辅助空间： O(N)