📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-21 06:51:24             🧑  作者: Mango
F#中的变量是不可变的,这意味着一旦将变量绑定到值,就无法更改它。它们实际上被编译为静态只读属性。
下面的示例演示了这一点。
let x = 10
let y = 20
let z = x + y
printfn "x: %i" x
printfn "y: %i" y
printfn "z: %i" z
let x = 15
let y = 20
let z = x + y
printfn "x: %i" x
printfn "y: %i" y
printfn "z: %i" z
编译并执行程序时,它显示以下错误消息-
Duplicate definition of value 'x'
Duplicate definition of value 'Y'
Duplicate definition of value 'Z'
有时您需要更改存储在变量中的值。为了指定在程序的后面部分声明和分配的变量的值可能有变化,F#提供了mutable关键字。您可以使用此关键字声明和分配可变变量,您将更改其值。
mutable关键字允许您在可变变量中声明和分配值。
您可以使用let关键字为可变变量分配一些初始值。但是,要为其分配新的后续值,您需要使用<-运算符。
例如,
let mutable x = 10
x
以下示例将清除概念-
let mutable x = 10
let y = 20
let mutable z = x + y
printfn "Original Values:"
printfn "x: %i" x
printfn "y: %i" y
printfn "z: %i" z
printfn "Let us change the value of x"
printfn "Value of z will change too."
x
编译并执行程序时,将产生以下输出-
Original Values:
x: 10
y: 20
z: 30
Let us change the value of x
Value of z will change too.
New Values:
x: 15
y: 20
z: 35
可变数据通常是需要的,并在数据处理中使用,尤其是在记录数据结构中。以下示例演示了这一点-
open System
type studentData =
{ ID : int;
mutable IsRegistered : bool;
mutable RegisteredText : string; }
let getStudent id =
{ ID = id;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null; }
let registerStudents (students : studentData list) =
students |> List.iter(fun st ->
st.IsRegistered List.iter (fun x -> printfn "%A" x)
let main() =
let students = List.init 3 getStudent
printfn "Before Process:"
printData students
printfn "After process:"
registerStudents students
printData students
Console.ReadKey(true) |> ignore
main()
编译并执行程序时,将产生以下输出-
Before Process:
{ID = 0;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null;}
{ID = 1;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null;}
{ID = 2;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null;}
After process:
{ID = 0;
IsRegistered = true;
RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:15";}
{ID = 1;
IsRegistered = true;
RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:16";}
{ID = 2;
IsRegistered = true;
RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:17";}