📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-21 07:30:32             🧑  作者: Mango
实体框架提供了跟踪对实体及其关系所做的更改的功能,因此,当调用上下文的SaveChanges方法时,会在数据库上进行正确的更新。这是实体框架的关键功能。
更改跟踪在将新记录添加到实体集合,修改或删除现有实体的同时跟踪更改。
然后,所有更改都由DbContext级别保留。
如果在DbContext对象被销毁之前未保存这些音轨更改,则会丢失它们。
DbChangeTracker类为您提供了有关上下文正在跟踪的当前实体的所有信息。
要通过上下文跟踪任何实体,它必须具有主键属性。
在实体框架中,默认情况下启用更改跟踪。您还可以通过将DbContext的AutoDetectChangesEnabled属性设置为false来禁用更改跟踪。如果将此属性设置为true,则实体框架将维护实体的状态。
using (var context = new UniContextEntities()) {
context.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = true;
}
让我们看下面的示例,其中从数据库中检索学生及其注册。
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
using (var context = new UniContextEntities()) {
context.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = true;
Console.WriteLine("Retrieve Student");
var student = (from s in context.Students where s.FirstMidName ==
"Ali" select s).FirstOrDefault();
string name = student.FirstMidName + " " + student.LastName;
Console.WriteLine("ID: {0}, Name: {1}", student.ID, name);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Retrieve all related enrollments");
foreach (var enrollment in student.Enrollments) {
Console.WriteLine("Enrollment ID: {0}, Course ID: {1}",
enrollment.EnrollmentID, enrollment.CourseID);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Context tracking changes of {0} entity.",
context.ChangeTracker.Entries().Count());
var entries = context.ChangeTracker.Entries();
foreach (var entry in entries) {
Console.WriteLine("Entity Name: {0}", entry.Entity.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("Status: {0}", entry.State);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
编译并执行上述示例后,您将收到以下输出。
Retrieve Student
ID: 1, Name: Ali Alexander
Retrieve all related enrollments
Enrollment ID: 1, Course ID: 1050
Enrollment ID: 2, Course ID: 4022
Enrollment ID: 3, Course ID: 4041
Context tracking changes of 4 entity.
Entity Name: Student
Status: Unchanged
Entity Name: Enrollment
Status: Unchanged
Entity Name: Enrollment
Status: Unchanged
Entity Name: Enrollment
Status: Unchanged
您可以看到,仅从数据库中检索了所有数据,这就是为什么所有实体的状态都不变的原因。
现在,让我们看另一个简单的示例,在该示例中,我们将再添加一个注册,并从数据库中删除一名学生。以下是添加新招生并删除一名学生的代码。
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) {
using (var context = new UniContextEntities()) {
context.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = true;
Enrollment enr = new Enrollment() {
StudentID = 1, CourseID = 3141
};
Console.WriteLine("Adding New Enrollment");
context.Enrollments.Add(enr);
Console.WriteLine("Delete Student");
var student = (from s in context.Students where s.ID ==
23 select s).SingleOrDefault();
context.Students.Remove(student);
Console.WriteLine("");
Console.WriteLine("Context tracking changes of {0} entity.",
context.ChangeTracker.Entries().Count());
var entries = context.ChangeTracker.Entries();
foreach (var entry in entries) {
Console.WriteLine("Entity Name: {0}", entry.Entity.GetType().Name);
Console.WriteLine("Status: {0}", entry.State);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
编译并执行以上示例后,您将收到以下输出。
Adding New Enrollment
Delete Student
Context tracking changes of 2 entity.
Entity Name: Enrollment
Status: Added
Entity Name: Student
Status: Deleted
现在,您可以看到已将注册实体的状态设置为已添加,并且删除了学生实体的状态,因为已添加了新的注册,并且已从数据库中删除了一名学生。
我们建议您逐步执行上述示例,以更好地理解。