MATLAB 命令

MATLAB 是由 MathWorks 开发的交互式多程序设计语言和数值计算环境。 MATLAB 提供了当用户想要使用命令行界面与任何应用程序交互时将使用的命令。

以下是 MATLAB 中使用的命令列表。

用于管理会话的命令

Command	Use
clc	Clears command window
clear	Removes the variables from memory
global	Declares variables globally
exist	Checks for the existence of a particular file or memory
help	Searches for a help topic
quit	Stops MATLAB
who	Lists current variables in use
lookfor	Searches help entries for a keyboard

示例 1

Matlab

% MATLAB Code to illustrate
% global
     function setGlobalx(val)
    global x

输出：

x = val;

示例 2

MATLAB

% MATLAB Code to illustrate who
    x = 2
    who

输出：

Variables in the current scope: x

示例 3

MATLAB

% MATLAB Code to illustrate
% clear
    clear
    type x

输出：

error: type 'x' is undefined

使用系统的命令

Command	Use
cd	Changes current directory
date	Displays current date
delete	Deletes a file
dir	Lists all the files in a directory
path	Displays search path
pwd	Displays current directory
type	Displays content of a file
wklread	Reads.wk1 spreadsheet file
save	Saves workplace variables in a file

示例 1

MATLAB

% MATLAB Code to illustrate
% pwd
    pwd

输出：

ans = /home/oo

示例 2

MATLAB

% MATLAB Code to illustrate
% date
c = date

输出：

c= '18-jun-2021'

输入和输出命令

Command	Use
disp	Displays content of an array or a string
fscanf	Reads formatted data from a file
format	Controls screen-display format
fprintf	Performs formatted writes to file or screen
input	Displays the prompt and waits for input
;	Suppresses screen printing

示例 1

MATLAB

% MATLAB Code to illustrate
% disp
  
    A = [15 150];
    S = 'Hello World.';
    disp(A)
    disp(S)

输出：

15 150
    
Hello World.

示例 2

MATLAB

% MATLAB Code to illustrate
%input
 age = input('how old are you: '); 
     % At this point, the variable: age, will contain 
     % whatever value the user types

输出：

20
        

向量、矩阵和数组命令

Command	Use
cat	Concatenates the array
find	Finds the indices of nonzero elements
max	Returns the largest element
min	Returns the smallest element
prod	Product of each column
sort	Sorts each column
rank	Computes rank of a matrix
eye	Creates an identity matrix
inv	Computes the inverse of a matrix

示例 1

MATLAB

% MATLAB Code to illustrate 
%cat
    array1 = [1,2,3]
    array2 = [4,5,6]
    cat(1,array1,array2)

输出：

ans = 
    
    1    2    3
    4    5    6

示例 2

MATLAB

% MATLAB Code to illustrate 
%max
max(array1)

输出：

ans = 3

示例 3

MATLAB

%MATLAB Code to illustrate
%min
min(array2)

输出：

ans = 4

MATLAB

%MATLAB Code to illustrate
%eye
eye(2,2)

输出：

ans = 
    Diagonal Matrix
    1    0
    0    1

绘图命令：

Commands	Use
axis	Sets axis limit
grid	Displays grid lines
plot	Generates xy plot
title	Puts title at top of the plot
close	Closes current plot
bar	Creates bar chart
print	Prints the plot / saves the plot
figure	Opens a new figure window
Close all	Closes all plots

示例 1：

MATLAB

% MATLAB Code to illustrate
%plot
    x = linspace(0,20)
    y = cos(x)
    plot(x,y)

输出：

示例 2：

MATLAB

%MATLAB Code to illustrate
%grid
    x = linspace(0,20)
    y = cos(x)
    plot(x,y)
    grid on

输出：