📜  MongoDB-高级索引

📅  最后修改于: 2020-11-27 06:03:04             🧑  作者: Mango


我们已将以下文档插入名为用户的集合中,如下所示-

db.users.insert(
    {
        "address": {
            "city": "Los Angeles",
            "state": "California",
            "pincode": "123"
        },
        "tags": [
            "music",
            "cricket",
            "blogs"
        ],
        "name": "Tom Benzamin"
    }
)

上面的文档包含一个地址子文档和一个标签数组

索引数组字段

假设我们要根据用户的标签搜索用户文档。为此,我们将在集合中的标签数组上创建索引。

依次在数组上创建索引将为其每个字段创建单独的索引条目。因此,在本例中,当我们在标签数组上创建索引时,将为其音乐,板球和博客的值创建单独的索引。

要在标签数组上创建索引,请使用以下代码-

>db.users.createIndex({"tags":1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 2,
"numIndexesAfter" : 3,
"ok" : 1
}
>

创建索引后,我们可以像这样搜索集合的标签字段-

> db.users.find({tags:"cricket"}).pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5dd7c927f1dd4583e7103fdf"),
    "address" : {
        "city" : "Los Angeles",
        "state" : "California",
        "pincode" : "123"
    },
    "tags" : [
        "music",
        "cricket",
        "blogs"
    ],
    "name" : "Tom Benzamin"
}
>

要验证是否使用了正确的索引编制,请使用以下explain命令-

>db.users.find({tags:"cricket"}).explain()

这给您以下结果-

{
    "queryPlanner" : {
        "plannerVersion" : 1,
        "namespace" : "mydb.users",
        "indexFilterSet" : false,
        "parsedQuery" : {
            "tags" : {
                "$eq" : "cricket"
            }
        },
        "queryHash" : "9D3B61A7",
        "planCacheKey" : "04C9997B",
        "winningPlan" : {
            "stage" : "FETCH",
            "inputStage" : {
                "stage" : "IXSCAN",
                "keyPattern" : {
                    "tags" : 1
                },
                "indexName" : "tags_1",
                "isMultiKey" : false,
                "multiKeyPaths" : {
                    "tags" : [ ]
                },
                "isUnique" : false,
                "isSparse" : false,
                "isPartial" : false,
                "indexVersion" : 2,
                "direction" : "forward",
                "indexBounds" : {
                    "tags" : [
                        "[\"cricket\", \"cricket\"]"
                    ]
                }
            }
        },
        "rejectedPlans" : [ ]
    },
    "serverInfo" : {
        "host" : "Krishna",
        "port" : 27017,
        "version" : "4.2.1",
        "gitVersion" : "edf6d45851c0b9ee15548f0f847df141764a317e"
    },
    "ok" : 1
}
>

上面的命令产生了“ cursor”:“ BtreeCursor tags_1”,它确认使用了正确的索引。

索引子文档字段

假设我们要根据城市,州和密码字段搜索文档。由于所有这些字段都是地址子文档字段的一部分,因此我们将在子文档的所有字段上创建索引。

要在子文档的所有三个字段上创建索引,请使用以下代码-

>db.users.createIndex({"address.city":1,"address.state":1,"address.pincode":1})
{
    "numIndexesBefore" : 4,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 4,
    "note" : "all indexes already exist",
    "ok" : 1
}
>

创建索引后,我们可以使用该索引搜索任何子文档字段,如下所示:

> db.users.find({"address.city":"Los Angeles"}).pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5dd7c927f1dd4583e7103fdf"),
    "address" : {
        "city" : "Los Angeles",
        "state" : "California",
        "pincode" : "123"
    },
    "tags" : [
        "music",
        "cricket",
        "blogs"
    ],
    "name" : "Tom Benzamin"
}  

请记住,查询表达式必须遵循指定索引的顺序。因此,上面创建的索引将支持以下查询-

>db.users.find({"address.city":"Los Angeles","address.state":"California"}).pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5dd7c927f1dd4583e7103fdf"),
    "address" : {
        "city" : "Los Angeles",
        "state" : "California",
        "pincode" : "123"
    },
    "tags" : [
        "music",
        "cricket",
        "blogs"
    ],
    "name" : "Tom Benzamin"
}
>