在Python中使用 Turtle 创建一个贪吃蛇游戏

蛇类游戏是由 Gremlin Industries 开发、世嘉于 1976 年 10 月发行的街机迷宫游戏，被认为是一种技巧性游戏，并在几代人中普及。 Snake 游戏中的蛇是使用相对于它前进的方向的四个方向按钮来控制的。玩家在游戏中的目标是通过收集食物或水果来获得尽可能高的分数。一旦蛇撞到墙壁或撞到自己，玩家就输了。

对于Python初学者，那些有兴趣在您的领域中使事情变得更简单的人绝对可以尝试一下，而Turtle模块正是为此目的而制作的，供初学者尝试，也可以作为项目的一部分提交。该程序将在Python 3中完成。

因此，我们将使用以下模块创建一个基于 Python 的游戏：

• Turtle：它是一个预装的Python库，使用户能够通过为他们提供虚拟画布来创建形状和图片。
• 时间：此函数用于计算自纪元以来经过的秒数。
• Random：该函数用于在Python中使用random模块生成随机数。

支持

使用专为Python程序设计的PyCharm应用程序可以轻松完成以下代码。

此外，VSCode可用于此程序。从 VSCode 的扩展安装 Python3。然后，以your_filename.py的形式保存程序

以下是使用 Turtle 模块创建贪吃蛇游戏的分步方法：

第 1 步：我们将模块导入程序并为游戏提供默认值。

Python3

import turtle
import time
import random
  
delay = 0.1
score = 0
high_score = 0

第 2 步：现在，我们将创建游戏的显示，即游戏的窗口屏幕，我们将在游戏中创建蛇的头部和食物，并在游戏的标题处显示分数.

蟒蛇3

# Creating a window screen
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.title("Snake Game")
wn.bgcolor("blue")
  
# the width and height can be put as user's choice
wn.setup(width=600, height=600)
wn.tracer(0)
  
  
# head of the snake
head = turtle.Turtle()
head.shape("square")
head.color("white")
head.penup()
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "Stop"
  
  
# food in the game
food = turtle.Turtle()
colors = random.choice(['red', 'green', 'black'])
shapes = random.choice(['square', 'triangle', 'circle'])
food.speed(0)
food.shape(shapes)
food.color(colors)
food.penup()
food.goto(0, 100)
  
  
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.shape("square")
pen.color("white")
pen.penup()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.goto(0, 250)
pen.write("Score : 0  High Score : 0", align="center",
          font=("candara", 24, "bold"))

输出：

初始分数为header，白色：蛇头，红色：水果

第 3 步：现在，我们将验证蛇运动的关键。通过点击通常用于游戏的关键字“w”、“a”、“s”和“d”，我们可以操作蛇在屏幕上的动作。

蟒蛇3

# assigning key directions
def goup():
    if head.direction != "down":
        head.direction = "up"
  
  
def godown():
    if head.direction != "up":
        head.direction = "down"
  
  
def goleft():
    if head.direction != "right":
        head.direction = "left"
  
  
def goright():
    if head.direction != "left":
        head.direction = "right"
  
  
def move():
    if head.direction == "up":
        y = head.ycor()
        head.sety(y+20)
    if head.direction == "down":
        y = head.ycor()
        head.sety(y-20)
    if head.direction == "left":
        x = head.xcor()
        head.setx(x-20)
    if head.direction == "right":
        x = head.xcor()
        head.setx(x+20)
  
  
wn.listen()
wn.onkeypress(goup, "w")
wn.onkeypress(godown, "s")
wn.onkeypress(goleft, "a")
wn.onkeypress(goright, "d")

第 4 步：现在，最后，我们将创建将发生以下情况的游戏玩法：

• 当蛇吃水果时，蛇会长出它的身体。
• 给蛇的尾巴上色。
• 水果吃完后，会计算分数。
• 检查蛇的头部是否与身体或窗纱的墙壁发生碰撞。
• 碰撞后自动重新开始游戏。
• 每次重新启动窗口时都会引入水果的新形状和颜色。
• 分数将归零并保留一个高分，直到窗口未关闭。

蟒蛇3

segments = []
  
# Main Gameplay
while True:
    wn.update()
    if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:
        time.sleep(1)
        head.goto(0, 0)
        head.direction = "Stop"
        colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])
        shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])
        for segment in segments:
            segment.goto(1000, 1000)
        segments.clear()
        score = 0
        delay = 0.1
        pen.clear()
        pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
            score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
    if head.distance(food) < 20:
        x = random.randint(-270, 270)
        y = random.randint(-270, 270)
        food.goto(x, y)
  
        # Adding segment
        new_segment = turtle.Turtle()
        new_segment.speed(0)
        new_segment.shape("square")
        new_segment.color("orange")  # tail colour
        new_segment.penup()
        segments.append(new_segment)
        delay -= 0.001
        score += 10
        if score > high_score:
            high_score = score
        pen.clear()
        pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
            score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
    # Checking for head collisions with body segments
    for index in range(len(segments)-1, 0, -1):
        x = segments[index-1].xcor()
        y = segments[index-1].ycor()
        segments[index].goto(x, y)
    if len(segments) > 0:
        x = head.xcor()
        y = head.ycor()
        segments[0].goto(x, y)
    move()
    for segment in segments:
        if segment.distance(head) < 20:
            time.sleep(1)
            head.goto(0, 0)
            head.direction = "stop"
            colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])
            shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])
            for segment in segments:
                segment.goto(1000, 1000)
            segment.clear()
  
            score = 0
            delay = 0.1
            pen.clear()
            pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
                score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
    time.sleep(delay)
  
wn.mainloop()

下面是基于上述方法的完整程序：

蟒蛇3

# import required modules
import turtle
import time
import random
  
delay = 0.1
score = 0
high_score = 0
  
  
  
# Creating a window screen
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.title("Snake Game")
wn.bgcolor("blue")
# the width and height can be put as user's choice
wn.setup(width=600, height=600)
wn.tracer(0)
  
# head of the snake
head = turtle.Turtle()
head.shape("square")
head.color("white")
head.penup()
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "Stop"
  
# food in the game
food = turtle.Turtle()
colors = random.choice(['red', 'green', 'black'])
shapes = random.choice(['square', 'triangle', 'circle'])
food.speed(0)
food.shape(shapes)
food.color(colors)
food.penup()
food.goto(0, 100)
  
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.shape("square")
pen.color("white")
pen.penup()
pen.hideturtle()
pen.goto(0, 250)
pen.write("Score : 0  High Score : 0", align="center",
          font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
  
  
  
# assigning key directions
def goup():
    if head.direction != "down":
        head.direction = "up"
  
  
def godown():
    if head.direction != "up":
        head.direction = "down"
  
  
def goleft():
    if head.direction != "right":
        head.direction = "left"
  
  
def goright():
    if head.direction != "left":
        head.direction = "right"
  
  
def move():
    if head.direction == "up":
        y = head.ycor()
        head.sety(y+20)
    if head.direction == "down":
        y = head.ycor()
        head.sety(y-20)
    if head.direction == "left":
        x = head.xcor()
        head.setx(x-20)
    if head.direction == "right":
        x = head.xcor()
        head.setx(x+20)
  
  
          
wn.listen()
wn.onkeypress(goup, "w")
wn.onkeypress(godown, "s")
wn.onkeypress(goleft, "a")
wn.onkeypress(goright, "d")
  
segments = []
  
  
  
# Main Gameplay
while True:
    wn.update()
    if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:
        time.sleep(1)
        head.goto(0, 0)
        head.direction = "Stop"
        colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])
        shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])
        for segment in segments:
            segment.goto(1000, 1000)
        segments.clear()
        score = 0
        delay = 0.1
        pen.clear()
        pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
            score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
    if head.distance(food) < 20:
        x = random.randint(-270, 270)
        y = random.randint(-270, 270)
        food.goto(x, y)
  
        # Adding segment
        new_segment = turtle.Turtle()
        new_segment.speed(0)
        new_segment.shape("square")
        new_segment.color("orange")  # tail colour
        new_segment.penup()
        segments.append(new_segment)
        delay -= 0.001
        score += 10
        if score > high_score:
            high_score = score
        pen.clear()
        pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
            score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
    # Checking for head collisions with body segments
    for index in range(len(segments)-1, 0, -1):
        x = segments[index-1].xcor()
        y = segments[index-1].ycor()
        segments[index].goto(x, y)
    if len(segments) > 0:
        x = head.xcor()
        y = head.ycor()
        segments[0].goto(x, y)
    move()
    for segment in segments:
        if segment.distance(head) < 20:
            time.sleep(1)
            head.goto(0, 0)
            head.direction = "stop"
            colors = random.choice(['red', 'blue', 'green'])
            shapes = random.choice(['square', 'circle'])
            for segment in segments:
                segment.goto(1000, 1000)
            segment.clear()
  
            score = 0
            delay = 0.1
            pen.clear()
            pen.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
                score, high_score), align="center", font=("candara", 24, "bold"))
    time.sleep(delay)
  
wn.mainloop()

演示最终游戏，显示所有用代码编写的内容