Python中的帮助函数
Python帮助函数用于显示模块、函数、类、关键字等的文档。
帮助函数具有以下语法:
help([object])
Python help()函数参数
object: Call help of the given object.
如果传递帮助函数时不带参数,则交互式帮助实用程序会在控制台上启动。
Python help() 示例
让我们在Python控制台中查看打印函数的文档。
Python3
help(print)
Python3
class Helper:
def __init__(self):
'''The helper class is initialized'''
def print_help(self):
'''Returns the help description'''
print('helper description')
help(Helper)
help(Helper.print_help)
Python3
def my_function():
'''Demonstrates triple double quotes
docstrings and does nothing really.'''
return None
print("Using __doc__:")
print(my_function.__doc__)
print("Using help:")
help(my_function)
输出:
Help on built-in function print in module builtins:
print(...)
print(value, ..., sep=' ', end='\n', file=sys.stdout, flush=False)
Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.
Optional keyword arguments:
file: a file-like object (stream); defaults to the current sys.stdout.
sep: string inserted between values, default a space.
end: string appended after the last value, default a newline.
flush: whether to forcibly flush the stream.
也可以为用户定义的函数和类定义帮助函数输出。 docstring(documentation 字符串) 用于文档。它嵌套在三引号内,是类、函数或模块中的第一条语句。
让我们定义一个带有函数的类:
Python3
class Helper:
def __init__(self):
'''The helper class is initialized'''
def print_help(self):
'''Returns the help description'''
print('helper description')
help(Helper)
help(Helper.print_help)
运行上述程序,我们得到第一个帮助函数的输出,如下所示:
Help on class Helper in module __main__:
class Helper(builtins.object)
| Methods defined here:
|
| __init__(self)
| The helper class is initialized
|
| print_help(self)
| Returns the help description
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| __dict__
| dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
|
| __weakref__
| list of weak references to the object (if defined)
Help on function print_help in module __main__:
print_help(self)
Returns the help description
Python help()函数文档字符串
文档字符串在类、方法或函数声明的下方使用“'三单引号”'或“”“三双引号”””声明。所有函数都应该有一个文档字符串。
访问文档字符串:可以使用对象的 __doc__ 方法或使用帮助函数来访问文档字符串。
Python3
def my_function():
'''Demonstrates triple double quotes
docstrings and does nothing really.'''
return None
print("Using __doc__:")
print(my_function.__doc__)
print("Using help:")
help(my_function)
输出:
Using __doc__:
Demonstrates triple double quotes
docstrings and does nothing really.
Using help:
Help on function my_function in module __main__:
my_function()
Demonstrates triple double quotes
docstrings and does nothing really.