如何在Python自动发送电子邮件

在本文中，我们将了解如何发送自动电子邮件，其中包括发送文本消息、重要照片和重要文件等。在Python。

为此，我们将使用两个库：email 和 smtplib，以及 MIMEMultipart 对象。这个对象有多个子类；这些子类将用于构建我们的电子邮件消息。

• MIMEText：它由简单的文本组成。这将是电子邮件的正文。
• MIMEImage：这将允许我们将图像添加到我们的电子邮件中。
• MIMEAudio：如果我们想添加音频文件，我们可以在这个子类的帮助下轻松完成。
• MIMEApplication：这可用于添加任何内容或任何其他附件。

分步实施

第一步：导入以下模块

Python3

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib
import os

第 2 步：让我们建立与电子邮件服务器的连接。

• 提供服务器地址和端口号以启动我们的SMTP连接
• 然后我们将使用smtp 。 ehlo发送EHLO （扩展问候）命令。
• 现在，我们将使用smtp 。 starttls以启用传输层安全性 ( TLS ) 加密。

蟒蛇3

smtp = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.starttls()
smtp.login('[e-mail]', 'Your Password')

第 3 步：现在，构建消息内容。

• 初始化后将 MIMEMultipart对象分配给 msg 变量。
• MIMEText函数将用于附加文本。

蟒蛇3

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach(MIMEText(text))

第4步：我们来看看如何附加图片和多个附件。

附上图片：

• 首先，将图像作为二进制数据读取。
• 使用MIMEImage将图像数据附加到MIMEMultipart ，我们添加给定的文件名 use os 。基名

蟒蛇3

img_data = open(one_img, 'rb').read()
msg.attach(MIMEImage(img_data, 
                     name=os.path.basename(one_img)))

附加几个文件：

• 使用MIMEApplication阅读附件。
• 然后我们编辑附加的文件元数据。
• 最后，将附件添加到我们的消息对象中。

蟒蛇3

with open(one_attachment, 'rb') as f:
    file = MIMEApplication(
        f.read(), name=os.path.basename(one_attachment)
    )
    file['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment; \
    filename="{os.path.basename(one_attachment)}"'
    msg.attach(file)

第 5 步：最后一步是发送电子邮件。

• 列出您要发送的所有电子邮件。
• 然后，通过使用sendmail函数，传递from where、to where、邮件内容等参数。
• 最后，只需退出服务器连接。

蟒蛇3

to = ["[e-mail]", "[e-mail]", "[e-mail]"]
smtp.sendmail(from_addr="Your Login Email",
              to_addrs=to, msg=msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

下面是完整的实现：

蟒蛇3

# Import the following module
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib
import os
  
# initialize connection to our
# email server, we will use gmail here
smtp = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.starttls()
  
# Login with your email and password
smtp.login('Your Email', 'Your Password')
  
  
# send our email message 'msg' to our boss
def message(subject="Python Notification", 
            text="", img=None,
            attachment=None):
    
    # build message contents
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
      
    # Add Subject
    msg['Subject'] = subject  
      
    # Add text contents
    msg.attach(MIMEText(text))  
  
    # Check if we have anything
    # given in the img parameter
    if img is not None:
          
        # Check whether we have the lists of images or not!
        if type(img) is not list:  
            
              # if it isn't a list, make it one
            img = [img] 
  
        # Now iterate through our list
        for one_img in img:
            
              # read the image binary data
            img_data = open(one_img, 'rb').read()  
            # Attach the image data to MIMEMultipart
            # using MIMEImage, we add the given filename use os.basename
            msg.attach(MIMEImage(img_data,
                                 name=os.path.basename(one_img)))
  
    # We do the same for
    # attachments as we did for images
    if attachment is not None:
          
        # Check whether we have the
        # lists of attachments or not!
        if type(attachment) is not list:
            
              # if it isn't a list, make it one
            attachment = [attachment]  
  
        for one_attachment in attachment:
  
            with open(one_attachment, 'rb') as f:
                
                # Read in the attachment
                # using MIMEApplication
                file = MIMEApplication(
                    f.read(),
                    name=os.path.basename(one_attachment)
                )
            file['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment;\
            filename="{os.path.basename(one_attachment)}"'
              
            # At last, Add the attachment to our message object
            msg.attach(file)
    return msg
  
  
# Call the message function
msg = message("Good!", "Hi there!",
              r"C:\Users\Dell\Downloads\Garbage\Cartoon.jpg",
              r"C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\slack.py")
  
# Make a list of emails, where you wanna send mail
to = ["[e-mail]",
      "[e-mail]", "[e-mail]"]
  
# Provide some data to the sendmail function!
smtp.sendmail(from_addr="[e-mail]",
              to_addrs=to, msg=msg.as_string())
  
 # Finally, don't forget to close the connection
smtp.quit()

输出：

安排电子邮件

为了安排邮件，我们将使用Python中的schedule包。它非常轻巧且易于使用。

安装模块

pip install schedule

现在看看在schedule模块中定义的不同函数及其用途：

下面的函数将每 2 秒调用一次函数mail。

schedule.every(2).seconds.do(mail) 

这将每 10 分钟调用一次函数邮件。

schedule.every(10).minutes.do(mail)

这将每小时调用该函数。

schedule.every().hour.do(mail)

每天上午 10:30 打电话。

schedule.every().day.at("10:30").do(mail)

打电话给特定的一天。

schedule.every().monday.do(mail)

下面是实现：

蟒蛇3

import schedule
import time
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib
import os
  
# send our email message 'msg' to our boss
def message(subject="Python Notification", 
            text="", img=None, attachment=None):
    
    # build message contents
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
      
    # Add Subject
    msg['Subject'] = subject  
      
    # Add text contents
    msg.attach(MIMEText(text))  
  
    # Check if we have anything
    # given in the img parameter
    if img is not None:
  
          # Check whether we have the
        # lists of images or not!
        if type(img) is not list:
            
              # if it isn't a list, make it one
            img = [img]  
  
        # Now iterate through our list
        for one_img in img:
            
              # read the image binary data
            img_data = open(one_img, 'rb').read()  
              
            # Attach the image data to MIMEMultipart
            # using MIMEImage,
            # we add the given filename use os.basename
            msg.attach(MIMEImage(img_data, 
                                 name=os.path.basename(one_img)))
  
    # We do the same for attachments
    # as we did for images
    if attachment is not None:
  
          # Check whether we have the
        # lists of attachments or not!
        if type(attachment) is not list:
            
              # if it isn't a list, make it one
            attachment = [attachment]  
  
        for one_attachment in attachment:
  
            with open(one_attachment, 'rb') as f:
                
                # Read in the attachment using MIMEApplication
                file = MIMEApplication(
                    f.read(),
                    name=os.path.basename(one_attachment)
                )
            file['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment;\
            filename="{os.path.basename(one_attachment)}"'
              
            # At last, Add the attachment to our message object
            msg.attach(file)
    return msg
  
  
def mail():
    
    # initialize connection to our email server,
    # we will use gmail here
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
    smtp.ehlo()
    smtp.starttls()
      
    # Login with your email and password
    smtp.login('Email', 'Password')
  
    # Call the message function
    msg = message("Good!", "Hi there!",
                  r"C:\Users\Dell\Downloads\Garbage\Cartoon.jpg",
                  r"C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\slack.py")
      
    # Make a list of emails, where you wanna send mail
    to = ["[e-mail]",
          "[e-mail]", "[e-mail]"]
  
    # Provide some data to the sendmail function!
    smtp.sendmail(from_addr="[e-mail]",
                  to_addrs=to, msg=msg.as_string())
      
    # Finally, don't forget to close the connection
    smtp.quit()  
  
  
schedule.every(2).seconds.do(mail)
schedule.every(10).minutes.do(mail)
schedule.every().hour.do(mail)
schedule.every().day.at("10:30").do(mail)
schedule.every(5).to(10).minutes.do(mail)
schedule.every().monday.do(mail)
schedule.every().wednesday.at("13:15").do(mail)
schedule.every().minute.at(":17").do(mail)
  
while True:
    schedule.run_pending()
    time.sleep(1)

输出：