📅  最后修改于: 2020-12-25 04:29:48             🧑  作者: Mango
Swift 4字典用于存储相同类型的无序值列表。 Swift 4进行了严格的检查,即使您错误输入,也不允许您在字典中输入错误的类型。
Swift 4词典使用唯一的标识符(称为键)来存储值,该值以后可以通过同一键进行引用和查找。与数组中的项目不同,字典中的项目没有指定的顺序。当您需要根据其标识符查找值时,可以使用字典。
字典键可以是整数,也可以是无限制的字符串,但是在字典中它应该是唯一的。
如果将创建的字典分配给变量,则它始终是可变的,这意味着您可以通过添加,删除或更改其项目来对其进行更改。但是,如果将字典分配给常量,则该字典是不可变的,并且其大小和内容无法更改。
您可以使用以下初始化程序语法创建某种类型的空字典-
var someDict = [KeyType: ValueType]()
您可以使用以下简单语法来创建一个空字典,该字典的键将是Int类型,并且关联的值将是字符串-
var someDict = [Int: String]()
这是一个从一组给定值创建字典的示例-
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
Swift 4允许您从数组(键值对)创建Dictionary。
var cities = [“Delhi”,”Bangalore”,”Hyderabad”]
您可以使用以下简单语法来创建一个空字典,该字典的键将是Int类型,并且关联的值将是字符串-
var Distance = [2000,10, 620]
这是一个从一组给定值创建字典的示例-
let cityDistanceDict = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: zip(cities, Distance))
上面的代码行将创建一个字典,其中以Cities作为键,而Distance作为Value-
Swift 4允许您从字典中过滤值。
var closeCities = cityDistanceDict.filter { $0.value < 1000 }
如果我们运行上面的代码,我们的closeCities词典将是。
["Bangalore" : 10 , "Hyderabad" : 620]
Swift 4允许您创建Dictionary值的分组。
var cities = ["Delhi","Bangalore","Hyderabad","Dehradun","Bihar"]
您可以使用以下简单语法根据第一个字母对字典的值进行分组。
var GroupedCities = Dictionary(grouping: cities ) { $0.first! }
以上代码的结果将是
["D" :["Delhi","Dehradun"], "B" : ["Bengaluru","Bihar"], "H" : ["Hyderabad"]]
您可以使用下标语法从字典中检索值,将要检索的值的键在紧随字典名称之后的方括号内传递,如下所示:
var someVar = someDict[key]
让我们检查以下示例,以从字典创建,初始化和访问值-
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
var someVar = someDict[1]
print( "Value of key = 1 is \(someVar)" )
print( "Value of key = 2 is \(someDict[2])" )
print( "Value of key = 3 is \(someDict[3])" )
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
Value of key = 1 is Optional("One")
Value of key = 2 is Optional("Two")
Value of key = 3 is Optional("Three")
您可以使用updateValue(forKey 🙂方法将现有值添加到字典的给定键中。此方法返回字典值类型的可选值。这是一个简单的例子-
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
var oldVal = someDict.updateValue("New value of one", forKey: 1)
var someVar = someDict[1]
print( "Old value of key = 1 is \(oldVal)" )
print( "Value of key = 1 is \(someVar)" )
print( "Value of key = 2 is \(someDict[2])" )
print( "Value of key = 3 is \(someDict[3])" )
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
Old value of key = 1 is Optional("One")
Value of key = 1 is Optional("New value of one")
Value of key = 2 is Optional("Two")
Value of key = 3 is Optional("Three")
您可以通过在给定的键处分配新值来修改字典的现有元素,如以下示例所示-
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
var oldVal = someDict[1]
someDict[1] = "New value of one"
var someVar = someDict[1]
print( "Old value of key = 1 is \(oldVal)" )
print( "Value of key = 1 is \(someVar)" )
print( "Value of key = 2 is \(someDict[2])" )
print( "Value of key = 3 is \(someDict[3])" )
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
Old value of key = 1 is Optional("One")
Value of key = 1 is Optional("New value of one")
Value of key = 2 is Optional("Two")
Value of key = 3 is Optional("Three")
您可以使用removeValueForKey()方法从字典中删除键/值对。如果键值对存在,则此方法将其删除,然后返回删除的值;如果不存在任何值,则返回nil。这是一个简单的例子-
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
var removedValue = someDict.removeValue(forKey: 2)
print( "Value of key = 1 is \(someDict[1])" )
print( "Value of key = 2 is \(someDict[2])" )
print( "Value of key = 3 is \(someDict[3])" )
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
Value of key = 1 is Optional("One")
Value of key = 2 is nil
Value of key = 3 is Optional("Three")
您还可以使用下标语法,通过为该键分配nil值来从字典中删除键/值对。这是一个简单的例子-
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
someDict[2] = nil
print( "Value of key = 1 is \(someDict[1])" )
print( "Value of key = 2 is \(someDict[2])" )
print( "Value of key = 3 is \(someDict[3])" )
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
Value of key = 1 is Optional("One")
Value of key = 2 is nil
Value of key = 3 is Optional("Three")
您可以使用for-in循环在Dictionary中遍历整个键/值对集合,如以下示例所示-
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
for (index, keyValue) in someDict.enumerated() {
print("Dictionary key \(index) - Dictionary value \(keyValue)")
}
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
Dictionary key 2 - Dictionary value Two
Dictionary key 3 - Dictionary value Three
Dictionary key 1 - Dictionary value One
您可以使用enumerate()函数,该函数返回项目的索引及其(键,值)对,如下面的示例所示:
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
for (key, value) in someDict.enumerated() {
print("Dictionary key \(key) - Dictionary value \(value)")
}
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
Dictionary key 0 - Dictionary value (key: 2, value: "Two")
Dictionary key 1 - Dictionary value (key: 3, value: "Three")
Dictionary key 2 - Dictionary value (key: 1, value: "One")
您可以从给定的字典中提取键/值对的列表,以为键和值构建单独的数组。这是一个例子-
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
let dictKeys = [Int](someDict.keys)
let dictValues = [String](someDict.values)
print("Print Dictionary Keys")
for (key) in dictKeys {
print("\(key)")
}
print("Print Dictionary Values")
for (value) in dictValues {
print("\(value)")
}
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
Print Dictionary Keys
2
3
1
Print Dictionary Values
Two
Three
One
您可以使用字典的只读count属性来查找字典中的项数,如下所示-
var someDict1:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
var someDict2:[Int:String] = [4:"Four", 5:"Five"]
print("Total items in someDict1 = \(someDict1.count)")
print("Total items in someDict2 = \(someDict2.count)")
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
Total items in someDict1 = 3
Total items in someDict2 = 2
您可以使用字典的只读empty属性来找出字典是否为空,如下所示-
var someDict1:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]
var someDict2:[Int:String] = [4:"Four", 5:"Five"]
var someDict3:[Int:String] = [Int:String]()
print("someDict1 = \(someDict1.isEmpty)")
print("someDict2 = \(someDict2.isEmpty)")
print("someDict3 = \(someDict3.isEmpty)")
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果-
someDict1 = false
someDict2 = false
someDict3 = true