Android-JSON解析器 - 芒果文档

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📜 Android-JSON解析器

📅 最后修改于: 2021-01-05 05:19:11 🧑 作者: Mango

JSON代表JavaScript Object Notation，它是一种独立的数据交换格式，是XML的最佳替代方案。本章介绍如何解析JSON文件并从中提取必要的信息。

Android提供了四个不同的类来处理JSON数据。这些类是JSONArray，JSONObject，JSONStringer和JSONTokenizer。

第一步是识别JSON数据中您感兴趣的字段。例如。在下面给出的JSON中，我们只想获取温度。

{
   "sys":
   {
      "country":"GB",
      "sunrise":1381107633,
      "sunset":1381149604
   },
   "weather":[
      {
         "id":711,
         "main":"Smoke",
         "description":"smoke",
         "icon":"50n"
      }
   ],
    
  "main":
   {
      "temp":304.15,
      "pressure":1009,
   }
}

JSON-元素

JSON文件包含许多组件。这是定义JSON文件的组件及其描述的表-

Sr.No	Component & description
1	Array([) In a JSON file , square bracket ([) represents a JSON array
2	Objects({) In a JSON file, curly bracket ({) represents a JSON object
3	Key A JSON object contains a key that is just a string. Pairs of key/value make up a JSON object
4	Value Each key has a value that could be string , integer or double e.t.c

JSON-解析

为了解析JSON对象，我们将创建一个JSONObject类的对象，并为其指定一个包含JSON数据的字符串。它的语法是-

String in;
JSONObject reader = new JSONObject(in);

最后一步是解析JSON。 JSON文件由具有不同键/值对等的不同对象组成，因此JSONObject具有用于解析JSON文件的每个组件的单独函数。其语法如下-

JSONObject sys  = reader.getJSONObject("sys");
country = sys.getString("country");
            
JSONObject main  = reader.getJSONObject("main");
temperature = main.getString("temp");

方法getJSONObject返回JSON对象。方法getString返回指定键的字符串值。

除了这些方法之外，此类还提供了其他方法来更好地解析JSON文件。这些方法在下面列出-

Sr.No	Method & description
1	get(String name) This method just Returns the value but in the form of Object type
2	getBoolean(String name) This method returns the boolean value specified by the key
3	getDouble(String name) This method returns the double value specified by the key
4	getInt(String name) This method returns the integer value specified by the key
5	getLong(String name) This method returns the long value specified by the key
6	length() This method returns the number of name/value mappings in this object..
7	names() This method returns an array containing the string names in this object.

例

要试验此示例，可以在实际设备或仿真器中运行它。

Steps	Description
1	You will use Android studio to create an Android application.
2	Modify src/MainActivity.java file to add necessary code.
3	Modify the res/layout/activity_main to add respective XML components
4	Modify the res/values/string.xml to add necessary string components
5	Run the application and choose a running android device and install the application on it and verify the results

以下是修改后的主要活动文件src / MainActivity.java的内容。

package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication;

import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ListAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;
import android.widget.Toast;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

   private String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
   private ListView lv;

   ArrayList> contactList;

   @Override
   protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

      contactList = new ArrayList<>();
      lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);

      new GetContacts().execute();
   }
   
   private class GetContacts extends AsyncTask {
      @Override
      protected void onPreExecute() {
         super.onPreExecute();
         Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Json Data is 
            downloading",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

      }

      @Override
      protected Void doInBackground(Void... arg0) {
         HttpHandler sh = new HttpHandler();
         // Making a request to url and getting response
         String url = "http://api.androidhive.info/contacts/";
         String jsonStr = sh.makeServiceCall(url);
      
         Log.e(TAG, "Response from url: " + jsonStr);
         if (jsonStr != null) {
            try {
               JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject(jsonStr);
            
               // Getting JSON Array node
               JSONArray contacts = jsonObj.getJSONArray("contacts");
            
               // looping through All Contacts
               for (int i = 0; i < contacts.length(); i++) {
                  JSONObject c = contacts.getJSONObject(i);
                  String id = c.getString("id");
                  String name = c.getString("name");
                  String email = c.getString("email");
                  String address = c.getString("address");
                  String gender = c.getString("gender");

                  // Phone node is JSON Object
                  JSONObject phone = c.getJSONObject("phone");
                  String mobile = phone.getString("mobile");
                  String home = phone.getString("home");
                  String office = phone.getString("office");

                  // tmp hash map for single contact
                  HashMap contact = new HashMap<>();

                  // adding each child node to HashMap key => value
                  contact.put("id", id);
                  contact.put("name", name);
                  contact.put("email", email);
                  contact.put("mobile", mobile);
               
                  // adding contact to contact list
                  contactList.add(contact);
               }
            } catch (final JSONException e) {
               Log.e(TAG, "Json parsing error: " + e.getMessage());
               runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                  @Override
                  public void run() {
                     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                     "Json parsing error: " + e.getMessage(),
                        Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                  }
               });

            }
   
         } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't get json from server.");
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
               @Override
               public void run() {
                  Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), 
                     "Couldn't get json from server. Check LogCat for possible errors!", 
                     Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
               }
            });
         }
      
         return null;
      }

      @Override
      protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
         super.onPostExecute(result);
         ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(MainActivity.this, contactList,
            R.layout.list_item, new String[]{ "email","mobile"}, 
               new int[]{R.id.email, R.id.mobile});
         lv.setAdapter(adapter);
      }
   }
}

以下是xml HttpHandler.java的修改后的内容。

package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication;

import android.util.Log;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.ProtocolException;
import java.net.URL;

public class HttpHandler {

   private static final String TAG = HttpHandler.class.getSimpleName();

   public HttpHandler() {
   }

   public String makeServiceCall(String reqUrl) {
      String response = null;
      try {
         URL url = new URL(reqUrl);
         HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
         conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
         // read the response
         InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream());
         response = convertStreamToString(in);
      } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
         Log.e(TAG, "MalformedURLException: " + e.getMessage());
      } catch (ProtocolException e) {
         Log.e(TAG, "ProtocolException: " + e.getMessage());
      } catch (IOException e) {
         Log.e(TAG, "IOException: " + e.getMessage());
      } catch (Exception e) {
         Log.e(TAG, "Exception: " + e.getMessage());
      }
      return response;
   }

   private String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) {
      BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

      String line;
      try {
         while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            sb.append(line).append('\n');
         }
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      } finally {
         try {
            is.close();
         } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
         }
      }
        
      return sb.toString();
   }
}

以下是xml res / layout / activity_main.xml的修改内容。

以下是xml res / layout / list_item.xml的修改内容。

以下是AndroidManifest.xml文件的内容。

让我们尝试运行刚刚修改的应用程序。我假设您在进行环境设置时已创建了AVD 。要从Android Studio运行该应用，请打开您项目的活动文件之一，然后点击运行 Eclipse运行图标工具栏中的图标。 Android studio将应用安装在您的AVD上并启动它，如果设置和应用程序一切正常，它将显示在“模拟器”窗口下方-

Anroid XML分析器教程

上面的示例显示了来自字符串json的数据，该数据包含雇主详细信息以及工资信息。