📜  软件测试生命周期

📅  最后修改于: 2021-01-10 15:38:30             🧑  作者: Mango

软件测试生命周期(STLC)

软件测试的过程也称为STLC(软件测试生命周期),其中包括测试过程的各个阶段。测试过程以精心计划和系统的方式执行。进行所有活动都是为了提高软件产品的质量。

让我们看看STLC的不同步骤。

软件测试生命周期包含以下步骤:

需求分析:

手动测试过程的第一步是需求分析。在此阶段,测试人员分析SDLC(软件开发生命周期)的需求文档以检查客户提出的需求。在检查了需求之后,测试人员制定了一个测试计划,以检查软件是否满足需求。

Entry Criteria Activities Deliverable
For the planning of test plan requirement specification, application architecture document and well-defined acceptance criteria should be available. Prepare the list of all requirements and queries, and get resolved from Technical Manager/Lead, System Architecture, Business Analyst and Client.
Make a list of all types of tests (Performance, Functional and security) to be performed.
Make a list of test environment details, which should contain all the necessary tools to execute test cases.
List of all the necessary tests for the testable requirements andTest environment details

测试计划创建:

测试计划的创建是STLC的关键阶段,其中定义了所有测试策略。测试人员确定整个项目的估计工作量和成本。此阶段在成功完成需求分析阶段之后进行。此阶段提供的测试策略和工作量估算文档。在成功完成测试计划创建之后,可以开始执行测试用例。

Entry Criteria Activities Deliverable
Requirement Document Define Objective as well as the scope of the software.
List down methods involved in testing.
Overview of the testing process.
Settlement of testing environment.
Preparation of the test schedules and control procedures.
Determination of roles and responsibilities.
List down testing deliverables, define risk if any.
Test strategy document.
Testing Effort estimation documents are the deliverables of this phase.

环境设置:

测试环境的设置是独立的活动,可以与测试用例开发一起启动。这是手动测试过程的重要组成部分,因为没有环境测试是不可能的。环境设置需要一组基本的软件和硬件来创建测试环境。测试团队并不参与创建测试环境,而是由其创建的高级开发人员参与。

Entry Criteria Activities Deliverable
Test strategy and test plan document.
Test case document.
Testing data.
Prepare the list of software and hardware by analyzing requirement specification.
After the setup of the test environment, execute the smoke test cases to check the readiness of the test environment.
Execution report.
Defect report.

测试用例执行:

成功完成测试计划后,将执行测试用例。在此阶段,测试团队将开始案例开发和执行活动。测试团队写下详细的测试案例,并在需要时准备测试数据。团队的其他成员或质量保证负责人将审查准备好的测试用例。

在此阶段还准备了RTM(需求可追溯性矩阵)。需求可追溯性矩阵是行业级别的格式,用于跟踪需求。每个测试用例都映射到需求规范。向后和向前的可追溯性可以通过RTM完成。

Entry Criteria Activities Deliverable
Requirement Document Creation of test cases.
Execution of test cases.
Mapping of test cases according to requirements.
Test execution result.
List of functions with the detailed explanation of defects.

缺陷记录:

测试人员和开发人员根据测试范围,质量,时间消耗,成本和关键业务目标来评估软件的完成标准。此阶段确定软件的特征和缺点。深入分析测试用例和错误报告,以检测缺陷的类型及其严重性。

缺陷记录分析主要用于根据严重性和类型找出缺陷分布,如果发现任何缺陷,则将软件退回给开发团队以修复缺陷,然后对该测试的各个方面进行重新测试。

一旦测试周期完全完成,就准备完成测试报告并准备测试指标。

Entry Criteria Activities Deliverable
Test case execution report.
Defect report
It evaluates the completion criteria of the software based on test coverage, quality, time consumption, cost, and critical business objectives.
Defect logging analysis finds out defect distribution by categorizing in types and severity.
Closure report
Test metrics

测试周期结束:

测试周期结束报告包括与软件设计,开发,测试结果和缺陷报告有关的所有文档。

如果存在具有相同规格的软件,则此阶段将评估开发策略,测试过程,可能的缺陷,以便将来使用这些实践。

Entry Criteria Activities Deliverable
All document and reports related to software. Evaluates the strategy of development, testing procedure, possible defects to use these practices in the future if there is a software with the same specification Test closure report