An artifact is a file, usually a JAR, that gets deployed to a Maven repository. 
• A Maven build produces one or more artifacts, 
such as a compiled JAR and a "sources" JAR. 
• Each artifact has a group ID (usually a reversed domain name, 
like com.example.foo), an artifact ID (just a name), and a 
version string. The three together uniquely identify the artifact. 
Example:
org.seleniumhq.selenium 
seleniumjava 
3.11.0 
• A project's dependencies are specified as artifacts.