📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:39:27.409000             🧑  作者: Mango
编写干净、易于维护的 JavaScript 代码,可以帮助你更轻松地构建出高度可靠的应用程序。以下是一些编写干净 JavaScript 代码的最佳实践。
使用有意义、一致的变量名是编写干净 JavaScript 代码的关键。这有助于其他人更容易地阅读和理解你的代码。
// Bad
let x = 'John Doe';
let y = 35;
// Good
let name = 'John Doe';
let age = 35;
在 JavaScript 中,全局变量可以被任何代码访问,因此它们很容易被意外修改,可能会导致错误。
// Bad
let x = 10;
function addTwo() {
x += 2;
}
// Good
function addTwo(x) {
return x + 2;
}
混合条件语句会使代码难以阅读和理解。将条件语句分成单独的语句可以使代码更清晰。
// Bad
if (age > 18 && age < 30) console.log('Age is valid');
// Good
const isAgeValid = age > 18 && age < 30;
if (isAgeValid) console.log('Age is valid');
DRY 原则(Don't Repeat Yourself)是一条重要的原则,即代码中不应该存在重复的逻辑。
// Bad
function greetUser(name) {
console.log(`Hi ${name}, welcome to our site!`);
console.log(`Please log in to continue.`);
}
function greetAdmin(name) {
console.log(`Hi ${name}, welcome to our site!`);
console.log(`You have admin privileges.`);
}
// Good
function greetUser(name, isAdmin) {
console.log(`Hi ${name}, welcome to our site!`);
if (isAdmin) {
console.log(`You have admin privileges.`);
} else {
console.log(`Please log in to continue.`);
}
}
良好的注释可以使代码更易于阅读和理解,这尤其在处理复杂逻辑时重要。
// Bad
function calculateSalesTax(price, taxRate) {
// Calculate the sales tax
const taxAmount = price * taxRate;
// Add the tax and return the total
return price + taxAmount;
}
// Good
function calculateSalesTax(price, taxRate) {
// Calculate the sales tax
const taxAmount = price * taxRate;
// Add the tax and return the total
const total = price + taxAmount;
return total;
}
使用模板字符串可以更方便地生成复杂的字符串,而不需要使用过多的连接运算符和分隔符。
// Bad
const name = 'John Doe';
const greeting = 'Hi, my name is ' + name + '.';
// Good
const name = 'John Doe';
const greeting = `Hi, my name is ${name}.`;
解构可以更方便地访问对象和数组的属性和元素。
// Bad
const user = {
name: 'John Doe',
age: 35,
};
console.log(user.name);
console.log(user.age);
// Good
const user = {
name: 'John Doe',
age: 35,
};
const {name, age} = user;
console.log(name);
console.log(age);
单一职责原则是一条重要的软件设计原则,它规定每个函数、类或模块都应该只有一个职责。这可以使代码更清晰、更易于维护。
// Bad
function calculateSalesTax(price, taxRate) {
const taxAmount = price * taxRate;
const total = price + taxAmount;
console.log(`The total is ${total}`);
if (total > 100) {
console.log('This purchase qualifies for free shipping.');
}
}
// Good
function calculateSalesTax(price, taxRate) {
const taxAmount = price * taxRate;
const total = price + taxAmount;
console.log(`The total is ${total}`);
return total;
}
function checkShippingCost(total) {
if (total > 100) {
console.log('This purchase qualifies for free shipping.');
}
}
以上是编写干净 JavaScript 代码的最佳实践。按照这些实践编写代码,可以让你的代码更易于维护、重构和升级。