📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 14:44:24.985000             🧑  作者: Mango
在 MS SQL Server 中,SELECT
语句用于从一个或多个表中选择数据。
由以下关键字组成:
SELECT
: 选择要返回的列。FROM
: 指定从哪些表中选择。WHERE
: 过滤条件。DISTINCT
: 返回不同的值。示例:
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
使用 *
来选择表中的所有列。
SELECT * FROM table_name;
使用列名称逗号分隔列表来选择特定列。
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name;
使用 WHERE
子句来过滤所选的行。
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
示例:
SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE country = 'USA';
在 WHERE
子句中使用通配符(%
和 _
)来匹配模式。
%
匹配任意字符。_
匹配任意单个字符。示例:
SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE city LIKE 'L%';
SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE contact_name LIKE 'A%o';
使用 ORDER BY
子句来按照一个或多个列排序数据。
默认情况下,数据按升序排序。使用 DESC
关键字来按降序排序。
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1 ASC|DESC, column2 ASC|DESC, ...;
示例:
SELECT *
FROM customers
ORDER BY country ASC;
SELECT *
FROM customers
ORDER BY city DESC, country ASC;
使用 DISTINCT
关键字返回唯一的值。
SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name;
示例:
SELECT DISTINCT country
FROM customers;
使用聚合函数来计算数据的汇总值。
COUNT
: 计算行数。SUM
: 计算数字总和。AVG
: 计算数字平均值。MAX
: 返回最大值。MIN
: 返回最小值。示例:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS total_customers
FROM customers;
SELECT SUM(price) AS total_price
FROM orders;
SELECT AVG(price) AS avg_price
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = 101;
SELECT MAX(price) AS max_price
FROM orders;
SELECT MIN(price) AS min_price
FROM orders;
使用 GROUP BY
子句将数据分组,并使用聚合函数计算每个组的汇总值。
SELECT column1, column2, ..., aggregate_function(column)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column1, column2, ...;
示例:
SELECT city, COUNT(*) AS total_customers
FROM customers
GROUP BY city;
SELECT country, AVG(price) AS avg_price
FROM orders
GROUP BY country;
使用 HAVING
子句来过滤分组数据。
SELECT column1, column2, ..., aggregate_function(column)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column1, column2, ...
HAVING condition;
示例:
SELECT country, COUNT(*) AS total_customers
FROM customers
GROUP BY country
HAVING COUNT(*) > 10;
SELECT country, AVG(price) AS avg_price
FROM orders
GROUP BY country
HAVING AVG(price) > 100;
以上就是 MS SQL Server 中的 SELECT
语句的介绍。希望对你有所帮助!