📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:20:08.092000             🧑  作者: Mango
Shift 算法是一种将正则表达式转换为有限状态机的算法。它在匹配字符串时以O(n)的时间复杂度和O(1)的空间复杂度运行,效率非常高。
Shift 算法的实现方法有很多种,下面给出一种比较典型的实现方法。
首先将正则表达式转换为逆波兰表达式,然后再转换为后缀表达式。
import re
def infix_to_postfix(regex):
# 转换为逆波兰表达式
postfix = []
stack = []
for c in regex:
if c in ['(', '[']:
stack.append(c)
elif c in [')', ']']:
while stack[-1] not in ['(', '[']:
postfix.append(stack.pop())
stack.pop()
elif c in ['*', '+', '?']:
postfix.append(c)
elif c == '|':
while stack[-1] == '|':
postfix.append(stack.pop())
stack.append(c)
else:
postfix.append(c)
while stack:
postfix.append(stack.pop())
# 转换为后缀表达式
stack = []
for c in postfix:
if c == '*':
stack[-1] += '*'
elif c == '+':
stack[-1] += '+'
elif c == '?':
stack[-1] += '?'
else:
stack.append(c)
return stack[0]
然后根据后缀表达式构建一个状态转移图,每个节点代表一个状态,连边代表匹配规则。
def build_transition_graph(regex):
regex = infix_to_postfix(regex)
graph = {}
def connect(fromstate, tostate, label):
if fromstate in graph:
if tostate in graph[fromstate]:
graph[fromstate][tostate].add(label)
else:
graph[fromstate][tostate] = set([label])
else:
graph[fromstate] = {tostate: set([label])}
n = len(regex)
stack = []
for i in range(n):
c = regex[i]
if c == '.':
t1 = stack.pop()
t2 = stack.pop()
connect(t2, t1, None)
stack.append(t2)
elif c == '|':
t1 = stack.pop()
t2 = stack.pop()
connect(i + 1, t1, None)
connect(i + 1, t2, None)
connect(t1, i + 2, None)
connect(t2, i + 2, None)
stack.append(i + 1)
elif c == '*':
t1 = stack.pop()
connect(i + 1, t1, None)
connect(t1, i + 1, None)
stack.append(i + 1)
elif c == '+':
t1 = stack.pop()
connect(t1, i + 1, None)
connect(i + 1, t1, None)
stack.append(i + 1)
elif c == '?':
t1 = stack.pop()
connect(i + 1, t1, None)
stack.append(i + 1)
else:
connect(i + 1, i + 2, c)
stack.append(i + 1)
return graph
最后使用状态转移图匹配字符串。
def match(regex, string):
graph = build_transition_graph(regex)
def dfs(state, string):
if not string:
return state in graph
for nextstate in graph.get(state, {}):
for label in graph[state][nextstate]:
if label is None or label == string[0]:
if dfs(nextstate, string[1:]):
return True
return False
return dfs(1, string)
Shift 算法可以用于正则表达式匹配、文本搜索、语法分析等领域。具体的应用请参考资料。