将 pH 值变化解释为蛀牙的原因
柠檬酸可能存在于柑橘类水果中,例如橙子和柠檬,罗望子中的酒石酸,苹果中的苹果酸,牛奶和奶制品中的乳酸,以及胃分泌物中的盐酸。许多碱,如石灰水,也可用。这些酸中有许多是在我们的日常生活中使用的,例如厨房中的醋或醋酸,洗衣中的硼酸,烹饪中的小苏打以及清洁中的苏打水。我们日常生活中不使用的许多酸和碱,例如 HCl、H 2 SO 4和 NaOH、KOH,用于实验室和企业。当这些酸和碱以正确的量混合时,中和过程会产生盐和水。 NaCl和KCl等天然盐存在于盐水和天然岩层中。在这一部分中,我们将更多地研究酸、碱和盐,以及它们的性质。
什么是 pH 值?
The negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration is used to calculate pH. As a result, the meaning of pH is justified as hydrogen power.
我们知道酸和碱不会以相同的速度与相同的化学物质发生反应。有的反应强烈,有的反应温和,有的完全没有反应。我们利用通用指示剂定量确定酸和碱的强度,在溶液中不同浓度的氢离子时显示出不同的颜色。一般来说,酸和碱的pH值是用来定量确定它们的强度的。
酸碱度标度
pH值标尺是测量酸和碱的工具。医生和科学家普遍认为,保持良好的 pH 平衡对整体健康很重要。您摄入的食物和饮料决定了您体内的 pH 值或可能的氢含量。氢离子的浓度决定了 pH 值。在 0 到 14 的范围内进行此计算。
- 酸的 pH 值小于 7(pH 值越低,酸度越高)。
- 碱的 pH 值大于 7(pH 值越高,碱度越高)。
- 任何 pH 值为 7 的物质都被认为是中性的。
生物只能忍受很小范围的 pH 变化; pH值的任何进一步变化都会使生存变得更加困难。例如,在酸雨中,水的 pH 值低于 7。当河水流入时,它会降低河水的 pH 值,使水生生物更难生存。
我们都知道我们的胃含有盐酸,它有助于食物消化。当胃在消化不良期间产生过多的盐酸时,我们会经历很多疼痛和刺激。因此,我们通常使用抗酸剂或弱碱来提高酸性胃的 pH 值,从而减轻疼痛。
当蜜蜂叮我们时,我们会感到非常痛苦,因为蜜蜂通过它的叮咬将甲酸注入我们的身体。因此,我们经常被建议在表面涂抹小苏打或其他温和的碱,以保持 pH 值稳定。
pH Change as the Cause of Tooth Decay
Enamel and dentine eventually deteriorate as a result of tooth decay. Acids are produced by bacteria acting on carbohydrates, softening or demineralizing the enamel. After eating, bacteria in the mouth produce acids by oxidizing sugar and food particles in the mouth. When the pH of the mouth falls below 5.5, tooth decay begins.
Dental plaque is formed when bacterial cells adhere to the teeth in addition to food particles. Saliva cannot reach the tooth layer to neutralize the acid because plaque coats the teeth. Brushing your teeth after eating reduces plaque before bacteria produce acids.
If you want to avoid tooth decay, your main focus should be on reducing the bacterial load in your mouth. Brushing and flossing eliminate the sticky bacteria buildup on the teeth (plaque). Antimicrobial mouth rinses (such as Listerine or Scope) are efficient at reducing bacteria in the mouth when used in conjunction with brushing and flossing. Many kinds of toothpaste contain bases that help to neutralize oral acid (The pH of toothpaste being about 8.0). As a result, brushing your teeth with toothpaste can help to neutralize excess acid in your mouth.
示例问题
问题1:给了你三个试管。一个充满纯净水,而另外两个分别充满酸性和碱性溶液。如果你只有红色石蕊试纸,你怎么知道每个试管里有什么?
回答:
Place the red litmus paper in each test tube one at a time. A basic solution will be the one that turns red litmus blue. The acidic solution can now be tested using the blue litmus paper that has formed. The acidic solution is the one that causes the blue litmus paper to become red. And the solution will be neutral if it has no effect on any litmus paper (i.e distilled water).
问题 2:以下哪个是天然酸性盐酸 (HCl)、柠檬酸、硫酸 (H 2 SO 4 )?
回答:
Citric Acid is a Natural Acid, whereas Hydrochloric Acid and Sulphuric Acid are Mineral Acid.
问题3:用什么来区分酸和碱?
回答:
pH indicator is use to differentiate between Acid and Base.
问题 4:溶液 1 (pH 3)、溶液 2 (pH 5)、溶液 3 (pH 1) 的酸性更强?
回答:
Solution 3 > Solution 1> Solution 2 . Solution 3 is most acidic because lower the pH higher the acidity.
问题 5:蛀牙开始的 pH 值是多少?
回答:
Tooth Decay starts when the pH of mouth goes below 5.5 .
问题6:如何预防蛀牙?
回答:
To avoid tooth decay, one’s main focus should be on reducing the bacterial load in mouth. Brushing and flossing eliminate the sticky bacteria buildup on the teeth. Antimicrobial mouth rinses are efficient at reducing bacteria in the mouth when used in conjunction with brushing and flossing. Many kinds of toothpaste contain bases that help to neutralize oral acid (The pH of toothpaste being about 8.0). As a result, brushing your teeth with toothpaste can help to neutralize excess acid in mouth.