MySQL 中的各种字符串、数字和日期和时间函数
函数是一种特殊类型的预定义命令集,它执行某些操作并返回单个值。函数对提供给它们的零个、一个、两个或多个值进行操作。提供给函数的值称为参数或自变量。
MySQL 函数已被分类为各种类别,例如字符串函数、数学函数、日期和时间函数等。尽管 MySQL 提供了大量的函数,但在本次讨论中,我们将仅限于某些某些函数。
1. 字符串函数:
MySQL 的字符串函数可以通过多种方式操作文本字符串。下面讨论一些常用的字符串函数:
S.No. | Function | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
1. | CHAR() | Returns the character for each integer passes | 1. SELECT CHAR(70, 65, 67, 69) ; 2. SELECT CHAR(65, 67.3, 69.3) ; |
2. | CONCAT() | Returns concatenated string | SELECT CONCAT(name, aggregate) AS “Name Marks” FROM student WHERE age = 14 OR age = 16; |
3. | LOWER() /LCASE() | Returns the argument in lowercase | SELECT LOWER(‘GEEKSFORGEEKS’) AS “LowerName1”, LOWER(‘Geeks For Geeks’) AS “LowerName2” ; |
4. | SUBSTRING(), SUBSTR() | Returns the substring as specified | 1. SELECT SUBSTR(‘ABSDEFG’, 3, 4) “Subs” ; 2. SELECT SUBSTR(‘ABCDEFG’, -5, 4) “Subs” ; |
5. | UPPER()/UCASE() | Converts to uppercase | SELECT UPPER(‘Large’) “Uppercase” ; or SELECT UCASE(‘Large’) “Uppercase”; |
6. | TRIM() | Removes leading and trailing spaces | SELECT TRIM(‘Bar One’) ; |
7. | LENGTH() | Returns the length of a string in bytes | SELECT LENGTH(‘CANDIDE’) “Length in characters” ; |
2. 数字函数:
数字函数是那些接受数字值并在执行所需操作后返回数字值的函数。下面正在讨论一些有用的数字函数:
S.No. | Function | Description | Example |
---|---|---|---|
1. | MOD() | Returns the remainder of one expression by diving y another expression. | SELECT MOD(11, 4) “Modulus” ; |
2. | POWER()/POW() | Returns the value of one expression raised to the power of another expression | SELECT POWER(3, 2) “Raised” ; |
3. | ROUND() | Returns numeric expression rounded to an integer. Can be used to round an expression to a number of decimal points. | SELECT ROUND(15.193, 1) “Round” ; |
4. | SIGN() | This function returns sign of a given number. | SELECT SIGN(-15) “Sign” ; |
5. | SQRT() | Returns the non-negative square root of numeric expression. | SELECT SQRT(26) “Square root” ; |
6. | TRUNCATE() | Returns numeric exp1 truncate to exp2 decimal places. If exp2 is 0, then the result will have no decimal point | DRLRCT TRUNCATE(15.79, 1) “Truncate” ; |
3. 日期和时间函数:
日期函数对 DATE 数据类型的值进行操作。
S.No. | Function | Description | Example |
---|---|---|---|
1 | CURDATE()/ CURRENT_DATE()/ CURRENT_DATE | Returns the current date. | SELECT CURDATE() ; |
2 | DATE() | Extracts the date part of a date or date-time expression. | SELECT DATE(‘2020-12-31 01:02:03’) ; |
3 | MONTH() | Returns the month from the date passed. | SELECT MONTH(‘2020-12-31’) ; |
4 | YEAR() | Returns the year | SELECT YEAR(‘2020-12-31’) ; |
5 | NOW() | Returns the time at which the function executes. | SELECT NOW() ; |
6 | SYSDATE() | Returns the current date and time. | SELECT NOW(), SLEEP(2), NOW() ; or SELECT SYSDATE(), SLEEP(2), SYSDATE() ; |