Python| os.mkdir() 方法

Python中的OS 模块提供了与操作系统交互的功能。操作系统属于 Python 的标准实用程序模块。该模块提供了一种使用操作系统相关功能的可移植方式。

os 模块中的所有函数在文件名和路径无效或不可访问的情况下，或具有正确类型但操作系统不接受的其他参数的情况下引发OSError 。

Python中的os.mkdir()方法用于以指定的数字模式创建名为 path 的目录。如果要创建的目录已经存在，则此方法引发 FileExistsError。

Syntax: os.mkdir(path, mode = 0o777, *, dir_fd = None)

Parameter:
path: A path-like object representing a file system path. A path-like object is either a string or bytes object representing a path.
mode (optional) : A Integer value representing mode of the directory to be created. If this parameter is omitted then default value Oo777 is used.
dir_fd (optional) : A file descriptor referring to a directory. The default value of this parameter is None.
If the specified path is absolute then dir_fd is ignored.

Note: The ‘*’ in parameter list indicates that all following parameters (Here in our case ‘dir_fd’) are keyword-only parameters and they can be provided using their name, not as positional parameter.

Return Type: This method does not return any value.

编程需要懂一点英语

代码 #1：使用 os.mkdir() 方法创建目录/文件

# Python program to explain os.mkdir() method 
    
# importing os module 
import os
  
# Directory
directory = "GeeksForGeeks"
  
# Parent Directory path
parent_dir = "/home/User/Documents"
  
# Path
path = os.path.join(parent_dir, directory)
  
# Create the directory
# 'GeeksForGeeks' in
# '/home / User / Documents'
os.mkdir(path)
print("Directory '%s' created" %directory)
  
  
# Directory
directory = "ihritik"
  
# Parent Directory path
parent_dir = "/home/User/Documents"
  
# mode
mode = 0o666
  
# Path
path = os.path.join(parent_dir, directory)
  
# Create the directory
# 'GeeksForGeeks' in
# '/home / User / Documents'
# with mode 0o666
os.mkdir(path, mode)
print("Directory '%s' created" %directory)

输出：

Directory 'GeeksForGeeks' created
Directory 'ihritik' created

代码 #2：使用 os.mkdir() 方法时出错

# Python program to explain os.mkdir() method 
    
# importing os module 
import os
  
# Directory
directory = "GeeksForGeeks"
  
# Parent Directory path
parent_dir = "/home/User/Documents"
  
# Path
path = os.path.join(parent_dir, directory)
  
# Create the directory
# 'GeeksForGeeks' in
# '/home / User / Documents'
os.mkdir(path)
print("Directory '%s' created" %directory)
  
# if directory / file that 
# is to be created already
# exists then 'FileExistsError'
# will be raised by os.mkdir() method
  
# Similarly, if the specified path
# is invalid 'FileNotFoundError' Error
# will be raised

输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "osmkdir.py", line 17, in 
    os.mkdir(path)
FileExistsError: [Errno 17] File exists: '/home/User/Documents/GeeksForGeeks'

代码 #3：使用 os.mkdir() 方法时处理错误

# Python program to explain os.mkdir() method 
    
# importing os module 
import os
  
# path
path = '/home/User/Documents/GeeksForGeeks'
  
# Create the directory
# 'GeeksForGeeks' in
# '/home/User/Documents'
try:
    os.mkdir(path)
except OSError as error:
    print(error)

输出：

[Errno 17] File exists: '/home/User/Documents/GeeksForGeeks'

参考： https://docs。 Python.org/3/library/os.html