📜  Python3 – if、if..else、嵌套 if、if-elif 语句

📅  最后修改于: 2022-05-13 01:55:45.101000             🧑  作者: Mango

Python3 – if、if..else、嵌套 if、if-elif 语句

现实生活中会出现一些情况,当我们需要做一些特定的任务时,根据一些特定的条件,我们决定下一步应该做什么。类似地,在编程中会出现一种情况,如果特定条件为真,则执行特定任务。在这种情况下,可以使用条件语句。以下是Python提供的条件语句。

  • 如果
  • 如果别的
  • 嵌套 if
  • if-elif 语句。

让我们通过所有这些。

if 语句

如果条件成立则执行块的简单代码,则使用 if 语句。这里提到的条件成立,那么块的代码运行,否则不运行。

句法:

if condition:           
   # Statements to execute if
   # condition is true

流程图:-

java中的if语句

例子:

Python3
# if statement example
if 10 > 5:
   print("10 greater than 5")
 
print("Program ended")


Python3
# if..else statement example
x = 3
if x == 4:
   print("Yes")
else:
   print("No")


Python3
# if..else chain statement
letter = "A"
 
if letter == "B":
  print("letter is B")
   
else:
     
  if letter == "C":
    print("letter is C")
     
  else:
       
    if letter == "A":
      print("letter is A")
       
    else:
      print("letter isn't A, B and C")


Python3
# Nested if statement example
num = 10
 
if num > 5:
   print("Bigger than 5")
 
   if num <= 15:
      print("Between 5 and 15")


Python3
# if-elif statement example
 
letter = "A"
 
if letter == B:
   print("letter is B")
 
elif letter == "C":
   print("letter is C")
 
elif num == "A":
   print("letter is A")
 
else:
   print("letter isn't A, B or C")


输出:

10 greater than 5
Program ended

缩进(空白)用于分隔代码块。如上例所示,在 Python3 编码中必须使用缩进。

if..else 语句

在条件 if 语句中,附加代码块被合并为当 if 条件为假时执行的 else 语句。

语法

if (condition):
    # Executes this block if
    # condition is true
else:
    # Executes this block if
    # condition is false

流程图:-

if-else 语句

示例 1:

Python3

# if..else statement example
x = 3
if x == 4:
   print("Yes")
else:
   print("No")

输出:

No

示例 2:您还可以将 if..else 语句与多个条件链接。

Python3

# if..else chain statement
letter = "A"
 
if letter == "B":
  print("letter is B")
   
else:
     
  if letter == "C":
    print("letter is C")
     
  else:
       
    if letter == "A":
      print("letter is A")
       
    else:
      print("letter isn't A, B and C")

输出:

letter is A

嵌套 if 语句

if 语句也可以在其他 if 语句中检查。此条件语句称为嵌套 if 语句。这意味着只有在外部 if 条件为真时才会检查内部 if 条件,由此,我们可以看到要满足的多个条件。

语法

if (condition1):
   # Executes when condition1 is true
   if (condition2): 
      # Executes when condition2 is true
   # if Block is end here
# if Block is end here

流程图:-

嵌套如果

例子:

Python3

# Nested if statement example
num = 10
 
if num > 5:
   print("Bigger than 5")
 
   if num <= 15:
      print("Between 5 and 15")

输出:

Bigger than 5
Between 5 and 15

if-elif 语句

if-elif 语句是 if..else 链的快捷方式。在末尾使用 if-elif 语句时添加 else 块,如果上述 if-elif 语句都不为真,则执行该语句。

语法:-

if (condition):
    statement
elif (condition):
    statement
.
.
else:
    statement

流程图:-

if-else-if-阶梯

例子:-

Python3

# if-elif statement example
 
letter = "A"
 
if letter == B:
   print("letter is B")
 
elif letter == "C":
   print("letter is C")
 
elif num == "A":
   print("letter is A")
 
else:
   print("letter isn't A, B or C")

输出:

letter is A