自定义 Django 管理界面

默认情况下，Django admin 是高度响应的 GUI，它提供各种功能和整体 CRUD 应用程序来帮助开发人员和用户。此外，Django admin 可以自定义以满足个人需求，例如在表格的主页上显示字段等。在本文中，我们将讨论如何增强 Django-admin 接口。

项目结构如下：

让我们创建一个名为state的应用程序，它有一个具有相同名称（状态）的模型。当我们将应用程序注册到 admin.py 时，它显示如下。

状态/模型.py

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
  
class State(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
    is_active = models.IntegerField(default = 1,
                                   blank = True,
                                    null = True,
                                    help_text ='1->Active, 0->Inactive', 
                                    choices =(
                                    (1, 'Active'), (0, 'Inactive')
                                    ))
    created_on = models.DateTimeField(default = timezone.now)
    updated_on = models.DateTimeField(default = timezone.now,
                                    null = True, 
                                    blank = True
                                    )
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
  
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'state'

状态/admin.py：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import State
  
admin.site.register(State)

在 django 管理界面中检查它

现在让我们根据可用选项自定义 django admin。

自定义 Django 管理界面

1.更改型号名称：
如果您想更改模型的名称，即此处的状态，请打开 model.py 文件并在元部分添加 verbose_name 属性。

状态/模型.py

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
  
class State(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
    is_active = models.IntegerField(default = 1,
                                   blank = True,
                                    null = True,
                                    help_text ='1->Active, 0->Inactive', 
                                    choices =(
                                    (1, 'Active'), (0, 'Inactive')
                                    ))
    created_on = models.DateTimeField(default = timezone.now)
    updated_on = models.DateTimeField(default = timezone.now,
                                    null = True, 
                                    blank = True
                                    )
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'state'
        # Add verbose name
        verbose_name = 'State List'

输出 ：

2. 默认情况下，django admin 在列表中只显示对象名称。

可以显示模型中的多个字段数据。在 admin.py 文件中添加几行代码。

状态/admin.py：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import State
  
class StateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name', 'active', 'created_on')
  
    def active(self, obj):
        return obj.is_active == 1
  
    active.boolean = True
  
admin.site.register(State, StateAdmin)

输出 ：

3. 默认情况下只有一个选项，即删除选项。
可以在操作下拉列表中添加更多选项：

状态/admin.py：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib import messages
from .models import State
  
class StateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name', 'active', 'created_on')
  
    def active(self, obj):
        return obj.is_active == 1
  
    active.boolean = True
  
    def make_active(modeladmin, request, queryset):
        queryset.update(is_active = 1)
        messages.success(request, "Selected Record(s) Marked as Active Successfully !!")
  
    def make_inactive(modeladmin, request, queryset):
        queryset.update(is_active = 0)
        messages.success(request, "Selected Record(s) Marked as Inactive Successfully !!")
  
    admin.site.add_action(make_active, "Make Active")
    admin.site.add_action(make_inactive, "Make Inactive")
  
admin.site.register(State, StateAdmin)

输出：

4.禁用删除选项：

状态/admin.py：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib import messages
from .models import State
  
class StateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name', 'active', 'created_on')
  
    def active(self, obj):
        return obj.is_active == 1
  
    active.boolean = True
  
    def make_active(modeladmin, request, queryset):
        queryset.update(is_active = 1)
        messages.success(request, "Selected Record(s) Marked as Active Successfully !!")
  
    def make_inactive(modeladmin, request, queryset):
        queryset.update(is_active = 0)
        messages.success(request, "Selected Record(s) Marked as Inactive Successfully !!")
  
    admin.site.add_action(make_active, "Make Active")
    admin.site.add_action(make_inactive, "Make Inactive")
  
    def has_delete_permission(self, request, obj = None):
        return False
  
admin.site.register(State, StateAdmin)

输出：

5.删除添加选项：

状态/admin.py：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import State
  
class StateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name', 'active', 'created_on')
  
    def active(self, obj):
        return obj.is_active == 1
  
    active.boolean = True
  
    def has_add_permission(self, request):
        return False
  
admin.site.register(State, StateAdmin)

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