📜  Java中的集合 add() 方法及示例

📅  最后修改于: 2022-05-13 01:55:32.299000             🧑  作者: Mango

Java中的集合 add() 方法及示例

Java.util.Collection 接口add(E element)用于将元素“元素”添加到此集合中。此方法返回一个布尔值,表示操作是否成功。如果添加了元素,则返回 true,否则返回 false。

句法:

Collection.add(E element)

参数:此方法接受要添加到此集合的 E 类型的强制参数元素

返回值:描述操作成功的布尔值。如果添加了元素,则返回 true,否则返回 false。

异常:此方法抛出以下 5 个异常,如下所示:

  • UnsupportedOperationException:如果此集合不支持添加操作
  • ClassCastException:如果指定元素的类阻止它被添加到此集合中
  • NullPointerException:如果指定元素为空且此集合不允许空元素
  • IllegalArgumentException:如果元素的某些属性阻止它被添加到此集合中
  • IllegalStateException:如果此时由于插入限制无法添加元素

现在我们将在不同的类上实现这个方法,因为它在涉及到Java编程时是一个非常重要和必不可少的方法,所以在这里我们将强调每个类如下:

  • 链表类
  • 数组队列
  • ArrayList 类
  • 抛出 NullPointerException

让我们通过干净的Java示例在上面列出的所有 4 个案例中实现 add() 方法,如下所示:

示例 1: LinkedList 类

Java
// Java code to illustrate boolean add() method
 
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
public class GFG {
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
 
        // creating an empty LinkedList
        Collection list = new LinkedList();
 
        // use add() method to add elements in the list
        list.add("Geeks");
        list.add("for");
        list.add("Geeks");
 
        // Output the present list
        System.out.println("The list is: " + list);
 
        // Adding new elements to the end
        list.add("Last");
        list.add("Element");
 
        // printing the new list
        System.out.println("The new List is: " + list);
    }
}


Java
// Java code to illustrate add() method
 
import java.util.*;
 
public class ArrayDequeDemo {
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        // Creating an empty ArrayDeque
        Collection de_que = new ArrayDeque();
 
        // Use add() method to add elements into the Deque
        de_que.add("Welcome");
        de_que.add("To");
        de_que.add("Geeks");
        de_que.add("4");
        de_que.add("Geeks");
 
        // Displaying the ArrayDeque
        System.out.println("ArrayDeque: " + de_que);
    }
}


Java
// Java code to illustrate add() method
 
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
public class ArrayListDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
 
        // create an empty array list with an initial capacity
        Collection arrlist = new ArrayList(5);
 
        // use add() method to add elements in the list
        arrlist.add(15);
        arrlist.add(20);
        arrlist.add(25);
 
        // prints all the elements available in list
        for (Integer number : arrlist) {
            System.out.println("Number = " + number);
        }
    }
}


Java
// Java code to illustrate boolean add()
// Where NullPointerException is Thrown
 
// Importing required utility classes
import java.util.*;
 
// Main class
// LinkedListDemo
class GFG {
 
    // Main driver method
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
 
        // Creating an empty ArrayList of string type
        Collection list = new ArrayList();
 
        // Printing and displaying the Arraylist
        System.out.println("The ArrayList is: " + list);
 
        // Note: Here by now we have not added any element/s
 
        // Try block to check for exceptions
        try {
 
            // Appending the null to the list
            // using add() method
            list.add(null);
        }
 
        // Catch block to handle exceptions
        catch (Exception e) {
 
            // Display message when exceptions occurs
            System.out.println("Exception: " + e);
        }
    }
}


输出:
The list is: [Geeks, for, Geeks]
The new List is: [Geeks, for, Geeks, Last, Element]

示例 2: ArrayDeque 类

Java

// Java code to illustrate add() method
 
import java.util.*;
 
public class ArrayDequeDemo {
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        // Creating an empty ArrayDeque
        Collection de_que = new ArrayDeque();
 
        // Use add() method to add elements into the Deque
        de_que.add("Welcome");
        de_que.add("To");
        de_que.add("Geeks");
        de_que.add("4");
        de_que.add("Geeks");
 
        // Displaying the ArrayDeque
        System.out.println("ArrayDeque: " + de_que);
    }
}
输出:
ArrayDeque: [Welcome, To, Geeks, 4, Geeks]

示例 3:使用 ArrayList 类

Java

// Java code to illustrate add() method
 
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
public class ArrayListDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
 
        // create an empty array list with an initial capacity
        Collection arrlist = new ArrayList(5);
 
        // use add() method to add elements in the list
        arrlist.add(15);
        arrlist.add(20);
        arrlist.add(25);
 
        // prints all the elements available in list
        for (Integer number : arrlist) {
            System.out.println("Number = " + number);
        }
    }
}
输出:
Number = 15
Number = 20
Number = 25

示例 4:

Java

// Java code to illustrate boolean add()
// Where NullPointerException is Thrown
 
// Importing required utility classes
import java.util.*;
 
// Main class
// LinkedListDemo
class GFG {
 
    // Main driver method
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
 
        // Creating an empty ArrayList of string type
        Collection list = new ArrayList();
 
        // Printing and displaying the Arraylist
        System.out.println("The ArrayList is: " + list);
 
        // Note: Here by now we have not added any element/s
 
        // Try block to check for exceptions
        try {
 
            // Appending the null to the list
            // using add() method
            list.add(null);
        }
 
        // Catch block to handle exceptions
        catch (Exception e) {
 
            // Display message when exceptions occurs
            System.out.println("Exception: " + e);
        }
    }
}
输出:
The ArrayList is: []

输出说明:这里我们需要把它捡起来,因为我们只会收到一个列表。因此,记录 add() 方法是否接受它是否需要支持 null 是一种好习惯。