AutoField – Django 模型
根据文档,AutoField 是一个根据可用 ID 自动递增的 IntegerField。通常不需要直接使用它,因为如果您没有另外指定,主键字段将自动添加到您的模型中。
默认情况下,Django 为每个模型提供以下字段:
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True, **options)
这是一个自动递增的主键。即使模型没有任何字段,也会创建一个名为 id 的默认字段。
Django 模型自动字段说明
使用示例说明 AutoField。考虑一个名为geeks
的项目,它有一个名为geeksforgeeks
的应用程序。
Refer to the following articles to check how to create a project and an app in Django.
- How to Create a Basic Project using MVT in Django?
- How to Create an App in Django ?
在极客应用的models.py
文件中输入以下代码。
from django.db import models
from django.db.models import Model
# Create your models here.
class GeeksModel(Model):
pass
将极客应用添加到INSTALLED_APPS
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'geeks',
]
现在,当我们从终端运行makemigrations
命令时,
Python manage.py makemigrations
将在geeks
目录中创建一个名为 migrations 的新文件夹,其中包含一个名为0001_initial.py
的文件
# Generated by Django 2.2.5 on 2019-09-25 06:00
from django.db import migrations, models
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
initial = True
dependencies = [
]
operations = [
migrations.CreateModel(
name ='GeeksModel',
fields =[
('id',
models.AutoField(auto_created = True,
primary_key = True,
serialize = False,
verbose_name ='ID'
)),
],
),
]
因此,当您在项目上运行 makemigrations 时,默认情况下会创建一个在该模型的每个实例上自动递增的id
AutoField。它是为名为GeeksModel
的模型创建的表的主键。
如果我们从管理服务器创建这个空模型的对象。我们可以看到 id 字段在每个创建的实例上自动递增。
字段选项
字段选项是赋予每个字段的参数,用于应用某些约束或将特定特征赋予特定字段。例如,将参数primary_key=True
添加到 AutoField 将使其成为关系数据库中该表的主键。
以下是 Autofield 可以使用的选项和属性。
Field Options | Description |
---|---|
Null | If True, Django will store empty values as NULL in the database. Default is False. |
Blank | If True, the field is allowed to be blank. Default is False. |
db_column | The name of the database column to use for this field. If this isn’t given, Django will use the field’s name. |
Default | The default value for the field. This can be a value or a callable object. If callable it will be called every time a new object is created. |
help_text | Extra “help” text to be displayed with the form widget. It’s useful for documentation even if your field isn’t used on a form. |
primary_key | If True, this field is the primary key for the model. |
editable | If False, the field will not be displayed in the admin or any other ModelForm. They are also skipped during model validation. Default is True. |
error_messages | The error_messages argument lets you override the default messages that the field will raise. Pass in a dictionary with keys matching the error messages you want to override. |
help_text | Extra “help” text to be displayed with the form widget. It’s useful for documentation even if your field isn’t used on a form. |
verbose_name | A human-readable name for the field. If the verbose name isn’t given, Django will automatically create it using the field’s attribute name, converting underscores to spaces. |
validators | A list of validators to run for this field. See the validators documentation for more information. |
Unique | If True, this field must be unique throughout the table. |
在评论中写代码?请使用 ide.geeksforgeeks.org,生成链接并在此处分享链接。