📜  使用监视器(pthreads)的读写器问题(1)

📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 14:49:56.416000             🧑  作者: Mango

使用监视器(pthreads)的读写器问题

什么是读写器问题?

读写器问题是一个经典的同步问题,指多个读者和一个写者同时访问一个共享资源的情况。读操作可以同时进行,写操作需要独占资源。

如何使用监视器(pthreads)解决读写器问题?

监视器是一种同步机制,可以用来解决多线程环境下的同步问题。在pthreads库中,使用pthread_mutex和pthread_cond来实现监视器。

代码示例

首先定义共享资源和相关的读写操作:

/*
 * Shared data and related functions
 */
int shared_data = 0;

void read_data() {
    printf("Reader %ld is reading shared data: %d\n", pthread_self(), shared_data);
}

void write_data(int data) {
    printf("Writer %ld is writing data: %d\n", pthread_self(), data);
    shared_data = data;
}

接下来定义一个监视器对象,并声明相应的条件变量:

/*
 * Monitor and related condition variables
 */
pthread_mutex_t monitor = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t read_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t write_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
int reader_count = 0;
int writer_waiting = 0;

然后定义读操作和写操作的函数:

/*
 * Reader and Writer Functions
 */
void *reader(void *arg) {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&monitor);
    while (writer_waiting) {
        pthread_cond_wait(&read_cond, &monitor);
    }
    reader_count++;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&monitor);

    read_data();

    pthread_mutex_lock(&monitor);
    reader_count--;
    if (reader_count == 0) {
        pthread_cond_signal(&write_cond);
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&monitor);

    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

void *writer(void *arg) {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&monitor);
    while (reader_count > 0 || writer_waiting) {
        pthread_cond_wait(&write_cond, &monitor);
    }
    writer_waiting = 1;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&monitor);

    write_data((int)arg);

    pthread_mutex_lock(&monitor);
    writer_waiting = 0;
    if (reader_count > 0) {
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&read_cond);
    } else {
        pthread_cond_signal(&write_cond);
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&monitor);

    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

最后,创建线程并运行:

int main() {
    pthread_t threads[10];
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, reader, NULL);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        pthread_create(&threads[i+6], NULL, writer, (void *)(i+1));
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
    }

    return 0;
}
总结

使用监视器(pthreads)可以很方便地解决读写器问题,可以通过条件变量实现读操作和写操作之间的同步。同时需要注意的是,要用互斥锁保护共享资源,并避免死锁和饥饿现象的发生。