📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 14:49:56.416000             🧑  作者: Mango
读写器问题是一个经典的同步问题,指多个读者和一个写者同时访问一个共享资源的情况。读操作可以同时进行,写操作需要独占资源。
监视器是一种同步机制,可以用来解决多线程环境下的同步问题。在pthreads库中,使用pthread_mutex和pthread_cond来实现监视器。
首先定义共享资源和相关的读写操作:
/*
* Shared data and related functions
*/
int shared_data = 0;
void read_data() {
printf("Reader %ld is reading shared data: %d\n", pthread_self(), shared_data);
}
void write_data(int data) {
printf("Writer %ld is writing data: %d\n", pthread_self(), data);
shared_data = data;
}
接下来定义一个监视器对象,并声明相应的条件变量:
/*
* Monitor and related condition variables
*/
pthread_mutex_t monitor = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t read_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t write_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
int reader_count = 0;
int writer_waiting = 0;
然后定义读操作和写操作的函数:
/*
* Reader and Writer Functions
*/
void *reader(void *arg) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&monitor);
while (writer_waiting) {
pthread_cond_wait(&read_cond, &monitor);
}
reader_count++;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&monitor);
read_data();
pthread_mutex_lock(&monitor);
reader_count--;
if (reader_count == 0) {
pthread_cond_signal(&write_cond);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&monitor);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
void *writer(void *arg) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&monitor);
while (reader_count > 0 || writer_waiting) {
pthread_cond_wait(&write_cond, &monitor);
}
writer_waiting = 1;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&monitor);
write_data((int)arg);
pthread_mutex_lock(&monitor);
writer_waiting = 0;
if (reader_count > 0) {
pthread_cond_broadcast(&read_cond);
} else {
pthread_cond_signal(&write_cond);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&monitor);
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
最后,创建线程并运行:
int main() {
pthread_t threads[10];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, reader, NULL);
}
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
pthread_create(&threads[i+6], NULL, writer, (void *)(i+1));
}
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
}
return 0;
}
使用监视器(pthreads)可以很方便地解决读写器问题,可以通过条件变量实现读操作和写操作之间的同步。同时需要注意的是,要用互斥锁保护共享资源,并避免死锁和饥饿现象的发生。