📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:16:32.878000             🧑  作者: Mango
随着互联网的发展,数据库中的数据安全显得越来越重要。以Java作为开发语言的程序员需要采取措施来加强数据库的安全性。数据库加密就是一种常见的手段。
数据库加密是指将数据库中的敏感信息加密,使得未经授权的人无法读取数据。
通常数据库加密分为两类:
Java中实现数据库加密有多种方案,以下是其中的一些:
Jasypt是一款开源的加密和解密框架,在Java中使用较为广泛。使用Jasypt实现数据库密码加密的步骤如下:
在Maven项目中添加以下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jasypt</groupId>
<artifactId>jasypt</artifactId>
<version>1.9.3</version>
</dependency>
@Configuration
public class EncryptConfig {
@Bean(name = "encryptorBean")
public StringEncryptor stringEncryptor() {
String password = "123456"; // 加密盐
PooledPBEStringEncryptor encryptor = new PooledPBEStringEncryptor();
SimpleStringPBEConfig config = new SimpleStringPBEConfig();
config.setPassword(password);
config.setAlgorithm("PBEWithMD5AndDES");
config.setKeyObtentionIterations("1000");
config.setPoolSize("1");
config.setProviderName("SunJCE");
config.setSaltGeneratorClassName("org.jasypt.salt.RandomSaltGenerator");
config.setStringOutputType("base64");
encryptor.setConfig(config);
return encryptor;
}
}
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false
username: root
password: ENC(j/MBdv1wkZejDRLo/3ZP4PMWP2M+CTr)
其中,ENC(j/MBdv1wkZejDRLo/3ZP4PMWP2M+CTr)
就是加密后的密码。
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false
username: root
password: ENC(j/MBdv1wkZejDRLo/3ZP4PMWP2M+CTr)
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.crypto</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.crypto-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
<artifactId>bcpkix-jdk15on</artifactId>
<version>1.52</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
<artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId>
<version>1.52</version>
</dependency>
public class AESUtil {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String key = randomKey();
System.out.println(key);
}
/**
* 生成AES密钥
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String randomKey() throws Exception {
Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES", "BC");
keyGenerator.init(128);
SecretKey key = keyGenerator.generateKey();
String encodedKey = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(key.getEncoded());
return encodedKey;
}
}
public class AESUtil {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String input = "hello world";
String key = "C7RwKPaUmTLp/FB/wLGT1A==";
String cipher = encrypt(input, key);
System.out.println(cipher);
}
/**
* 加密
* @param input 明文
* @param key 密钥
* @return 密文
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String encrypt(String input, String key) throws Exception {
Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
byte[] keyBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS7Padding", "BC");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec);
byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(input.getBytes());
String cipherStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipherText);
return cipherStr;
}
}
public class AESUtil {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String input = "hello world";
String key = "C7RwKPaUmTLp/FB/wLGT1A==";
String cipher = encrypt(input, key);
System.out.println("密文:" + cipher);
String plainText = decrypt(cipher, key);
System.out.println("解密结果:" + plainText);
}
/**
* 解密
* @param cipherText 密文
* @param key 密钥
* @return 明文
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String decrypt(String cipherText, String key) throws Exception {
Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
byte[] keyBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(key);
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS7Padding", "BC");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec);
byte[] plainTextBytes = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(cipherText));
String plainText = new String(plainTextBytes);
return plainText;
}
}
本文介绍了Java中实现数据库加密的两种方案:使用Jasypt加密数据库密码和使用AES对称加密实现数据存储加密。对于程序员而言,加强数据库的安全性是至关重要的,希望这篇文章能为Java开发者提供一些实用的技巧。