在Android中使用Firebase进行电话号码验证

电话号码Firebase身份验证用于通过向用户的手机发送SMS消息来登录用户。用户使用SMS消息中包含的一次性代码登录。下面提供了一个示例视频，以使您对我们在本文中将要做的事情有个大概的了解。请注意，我们将使用Kotlin语言实施此项目。

Note: To implement this in Java language refer to this article Firebase Authentication with Phone Number OTP in Android

分步实施

步骤1：创建一个新项目

要在Android Studio中创建新项目，请参阅如何在Android Studio中创建/启动新项目。请注意，选择Kotlin作为编程语言。

第2步：将Project连接到Firebase。

步骤3：将依存关系添加到build.gradle文件，然后单击“立即同步”

    implementation platform(‘com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:26.5.0’)

   implementation ‘com.google.firebase:firebase-auth-ktx’

步骤4：创建两个新活动。

创建两个新活动。一个PhoneNumberActivity.kt及其布局文件activity_phone_number.xml，用于输入电话号码并启动身份验证过程。第二个OtpActivity.kt，带有用于输入从Firebase接收的OTP的布局文件activity_otp.xml。

步骤5：使用布局

使用activity_phone_number.xml 。转到activity_phone_number.xml文件，并编写以下代码。

使用activity_otp.xml。转到activity_otp.xml文件，并编写以下代码。

使用activity_main.xml 。转到activity_main.xml文件，并编写以下代码。这是验证完成后我们要完成的最后一项活动。

步骤6：使用PhoneNumberActivity.kt文件

转到PhoneNumberActivity.kt文件，并参考以下代码。下面是PhoneNumberActivity.kt文件的代码。在代码内部添加了注释，以更详细地了解代码。

科特林

import android.content.Intent
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.EditText
import android.widget.Toast
import com.google.firebase.FirebaseException
import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseAuth
import com.google.firebase.auth.PhoneAuthCredential
import com.google.firebase.auth.PhoneAuthOptions
import com.google.firebase.auth.PhoneAuthProvider
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
  
class PhoneNumberActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    
    // this stores the phone number of the user
    var number : String =""
    
    // create instance of firebase auth
    lateinit var auth: FirebaseAuth
    
      // we will use this to match the sent otp from firebase
    lateinit var storedVerificationId:String
    lateinit var resendToken: PhoneAuthProvider.ForceResendingToken
    private lateinit var callbacks: PhoneAuthProvider.OnVerificationStateChangedCallbacks
  
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_phone_number)
  
        auth=FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
  
        // start verification on click of the button
        findViewById(R.id.button_otp).setOnClickListener {
            login()
        }
  
        // Callback function for Phone Auth
        callbacks = object : PhoneAuthProvider.OnVerificationStateChangedCallbacks() {
  
            // This method is called when the verification is completed
            override fun onVerificationCompleted(credential: PhoneAuthCredential) {
                startActivity(Intent(applicationContext, MainActivity::class.java))
                finish()
                Log.d("GFG" , "onVerificationCompleted Success")
            }
  
            // Called when verification is failed add log statement to see the exception
            override fun onVerificationFailed(e: FirebaseException) {
                Log.d("GFG" , "onVerificationFailed  $e")
            }
  
            // On code is sent by the firebase this method is called
            // in here we start a new activity where user can enter the OTP
            override fun onCodeSent(
                verificationId: String,
                token: PhoneAuthProvider.ForceResendingToken
            ) {
                Log.d("GFG","onCodeSent: $verificationId")
                storedVerificationId = verificationId
                resendToken = token
                
                // Start a new activity using intent
                // also send the storedVerificationId using intent
                // we will use this id to send the otp back to firebase
                val intent = Intent(applicationContext,OtpActivity::class.java)
                intent.putExtra("storedVerificationId",storedVerificationId)
                startActivity(intent)
                finish()
            }
        }
    }
  
    private fun login() {
        number = findViewById(R.id.et_phone_number).text.trim().toString()
          
        // get the phone number from edit text and append the country cde with it
        if (number.isNotEmpty()){
            number = "+91$number"
            sendVerificationCode(number)
        }else{
            Toast.makeText(this,"Enter mobile number", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
        }
    }
  
    // this method sends the verification code
      // and starts the callback of verification
    // which is implemented above in onCreate
    private fun sendVerificationCode(number: String) {
        val options = PhoneAuthOptions.newBuilder(auth)
            .setPhoneNumber(number) // Phone number to verify
            .setTimeout(60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // Timeout and unit
            .setActivity(this) // Activity (for callback binding)
            .setCallbacks(callbacks) // OnVerificationStateChangedCallbacks
            .build()
        PhoneAuthProvider.verifyPhoneNumber(options)
        Log.d("GFG" , "Auth started")
    }
}

步骤7：使用OtpActivity.kt文件

转到OtpActivity.kt文件，并参考以下代码。下面是OtpActivity.kt文件的代码。在代码内部添加了注释，以更详细地了解代码。

科特林

import android.content.Intent
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.EditText
import android.widget.Toast
import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseAuth
import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseAuthInvalidCredentialsException
import com.google.firebase.auth.PhoneAuthCredential
import com.google.firebase.auth.PhoneAuthProvider
  
class OtpActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    
    // get reference of the firebase auth
    lateinit var auth: FirebaseAuth
  
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_otp)
  
        auth=FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
  
        // get storedVerificationId from the intent
        val storedVerificationId= intent.getStringExtra("storedVerificationId")
  
        // fill otp and call the on click on button
        findViewById(R.id.login).setOnClickListener {
            val otp = findViewById(R.id.et_otp).text.trim().toString()
            if(otp.isNotEmpty()){
                val credential : PhoneAuthCredential = PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(
                    storedVerificationId.toString(), otp)
                signInWithPhoneAuthCredential(credential)
            }else{
                Toast.makeText(this,"Enter OTP", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            }
        }
    }
    // verifies if the code matches sent by firebase
    // if success start the new activity in our case it is main Activity
    private fun signInWithPhoneAuthCredential(credential: PhoneAuthCredential) {
        auth.signInWithCredential(credential)
            .addOnCompleteListener(this) { task ->
                if (task.isSuccessful) {
                    val intent = Intent(this , MainActivity::class.java)
                    startActivity(intent)
                    finish()
                } else {
                    // Sign in failed, display a message and update the UI
                    if (task.exception is FirebaseAuthInvalidCredentialsException) {
                        // The verification code entered was invalid
                        Toast.makeText(this,"Invalid OTP", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                    }
                }
            }
    }
}

步骤8：转到AndroidManifest.xml并添加以下代码

步骤9：为您的项目启用Android DeviceCheck API

在Google Cloud Console中，为您的项目启用Android DeviceCheck API。将使用默认的Firebase API密钥，并且需要允许其访问DeviceCheck API。

步骤10：将SHA键从Android Studio添加到Firebase

从您的项目中复制SHA1和SHA-256密钥，然后将其粘贴到Firebase控制台。以下是指导您的屏幕截图。

Note: Please refer to this article How to Generate SHA1, MD5, and SHA-256 Keys in Android Studio?

在Firebase控制台上，转到“项目概述”->“项目设置”，然后单击“添加指纹”按钮，然后添加从firebase复制的SHA密钥

第11步：为Firebase项目启用电话号码登录

在Firebase控制台中，选择您的项目，打开“身份验证”部分。在“登录方法”页面上，启用“电话号码”登录方法。

输出：

Github仓库在这里。

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