在Android中使用电话号码OTP进行Firebase身份验证

许多应用程序要求其用户进行身份验证。因此，为了验证应用程序的目的，请在其应用程序内部使用电话号码验证。在电话身份验证中，用户必须使用其电话号码验证其身份。在应用内部，用户必须输入其电话号码，然后他的手机号码将收到验证码。他必须输入该验证码并验证他的身份。这就是电话身份验证的工作方式。 Firebase为身份验证用户提供了多种方式，例如Google，电子邮件和密码，电话等。在本文中，我们将介绍使用Firebase在我们的应用程序中实现电话身份验证的方法。

我们将在本文中构建什么?

我们将创建一个具有两个屏幕的简单应用程序。第一个屏幕将是我们的“验证”屏幕，用户必须在该屏幕上添加他的电话号码。添加电话号码后，用户将单击“获取OTP”按钮，然后Firebase将使用上述号码发送OTP。收到该OTP后，用户必须在下面的文本框中输入该OTP，然后单击下面的按钮以确认输入的OTP。单击验证按钮后，Firebase将验证OTP并仅在输入的OTP正确时才允许用户进入主屏幕，否则用户将收到错误消息。注意，我们将使用Java语言实现该项目。

分步实施

步骤1：创建一个新项目

要在Android Studio中创建新项目，请参阅如何在Android Studio中创建/启动新项目。请注意，选择Java作为编程语言。

第2步：将您的应用连接到Firebase

在Android Studio中创建新项目后，将您的应用连接到Firebase。用于将您的应用程序连接到Firebase。导航到顶部栏上的“工具”。之后，单击Firebase。右侧将打开一个新窗口。在该窗口内，单击身份验证，然后单击电子邮件和密码身份验证。

单击电子邮件和密码身份验证后，您将看到以下屏幕。在此屏幕内，单击第一个选项以连接到Firebase，然后单击第二个选项以将Firebase身份验证添加到您的应用程序。

步骤3：确认您的应用程式内已新增Firebase验证的相依性

将您的应用程序连接到Firebase之后。如果未添加，请确保在build.gradle文件中添加此依赖项。添加此依赖项后，同步您的项目。

Note: Make sure to add the exact dependency version in the above image because the latest dependency is not having the implementation for auto-detection of OTP. 

步骤4：使用activity_main.xml文件

转到activity_main.xml文件，并参考以下代码。以下是activity_main.xml文件的代码。

步骤5：在您的Manifest.xml文件中添加Internet权限

导航至应用程序> AndroidManifest.xml文件，然后向其添加以下权限。

第6步：为我们的主页创建一个新的活动

导航到应用程序> Java >应用程序的程序包名称>右键单击应用程序的程序包名称，然后单击新建>活动>空活动并命名您的活动。在这里，我们将其命名为HomeActivity 。

步骤7：使用MainActivity。 Java文件

转到MainActivity。 Java文件并参考以下代码。下面是MainActivity的代码。 Java文件。在代码内部添加了注释，以更详细地了解代码。

Java

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
  
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
  
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.OnCompleteListener;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.Task;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.TaskExecutors;
import com.google.firebase.FirebaseException;
import com.google.firebase.auth.AuthResult;
import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseAuth;
import com.google.firebase.auth.PhoneAuthCredential;
import com.google.firebase.auth.PhoneAuthProvider;
  
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  
    // variable for FirebaseAuth class
    private FirebaseAuth mAuth;
      
    // variable for our text input 
    // field for phone and OTP.
    private EditText edtPhone, edtOTP;
      
    // buttons for generating OTP and verifying OTP
    private Button verifyOTPBtn, generateOTPBtn;
      
    // string for storing our verification ID
    private String verificationId;
      
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
          
        // below line is for getting instance
        // of our FirebaseAuth.
        mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
          
        // initializing variables for button and Edittext.
        edtPhone = findViewById(R.id.idEdtPhoneNumber);
        edtOTP = findViewById(R.id.idEdtOtp);
        verifyOTPBtn = findViewById(R.id.idBtnVerify);
        generateOTPBtn = findViewById(R.id.idBtnGetOtp);
  
        // setting onclick listner for generate OTP button.
        generateOTPBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // below line is for checking weather the user
                // has entered his mobile number or not.
                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(edtPhone.getText().toString())) {
                    // when mobile number text field is empty
                    // displaying a toast message.
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Please enter a valid phone number.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                } else {
                    // if the text field is not empty we are calling our 
                    // send OTP method for getting OTP from Firebase.
                    String phone = "+91" + edtPhone.getText().toString();
                    sendVerificationCode(phone);
                }
            }
        });
  
        // initializing on click listener
        // for verify otp button
        verifyOTPBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // validating if the OTP text field is empty or not.
                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(edtOTP.getText().toString())) {
                    // if the OTP text field is empty display 
                    // a message to user to enter OTP
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Please enter OTP", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                } else {
                    // if OTP field is not empty calling 
                    // method to verify the OTP.
                    verifyCode(edtOTP.getText().toString());
                }
            }
        });
    }
  
    private void signInWithCredential(PhoneAuthCredential credential) {
        // inside this method we are checking if 
        // the code entered is correct or not.
        mAuth.signInWithCredential(credential)
                .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onComplete(@NonNull Task task) {
                        if (task.isSuccessful()) {
                            // if the code is correct and the task is successful
                            // we are sending our user to new activity.
                            Intent i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, HomeActivity.class);
                            startActivity(i);
                            finish();
                        } else {
                            // if the code is not correct then we are
                            // displaying an error message to the user.
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, task.getException().getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                        }
                    }
                });
    }
  
  
    private void sendVerificationCode(String number) {
        // this method is used for getting
        // OTP on user phone number.
        PhoneAuthProvider.getInstance().verifyPhoneNumber(
                number, // first parameter is user's mobile number
                60, // second parameter is time limit for OTP 
                      // verification which is 60 seconds in our case.
                TimeUnit.SECONDS, // third parameter is for initializing units 
                                  // for time period which is in seconds in our case.
                TaskExecutors.MAIN_THREAD, // this task will be excuted on Main thread.
                mCallBack // we are calling callback method when we recieve OTP for 
                          // auto verification of user.
        );
    }
  
    // callback method is called on Phone auth provider.
    private PhoneAuthProvider.OnVerificationStateChangedCallbacks
              
            // initializing our callbacks for on
            // verification callback method.
            mCallBack = new PhoneAuthProvider.OnVerificationStateChangedCallbacks() {
  
        // below method is used when 
        // OTP is sent from Firebase
        @Override
        public void onCodeSent(String s, PhoneAuthProvider.ForceResendingToken forceResendingToken) {
            super.onCodeSent(s, forceResendingToken);
            // when we receive the OTP it 
            // contains a unique id which 
            // we are storing in our string 
            // which we have already created.
            verificationId = s;
        }
  
        // this method is called when user 
        // receive OTP from Firebase.
        @Override
        public void onVerificationCompleted(PhoneAuthCredential phoneAuthCredential) {
            // below line is used for getting OTP code
            // which is sent in phone auth credentials.
            final String code = phoneAuthCredential.getSmsCode();
              
            // checking if the code
            // is null or not.
            if (code != null) {
                // if the code is not null then
                // we are setting that code to 
                // our OTP edittext field.
                edtOTP.setText(code);
                  
                // after setting this code 
                // to OTP edittext field we 
                // are calling our verifycode method.
                verifyCode(code);
            }
        }
  
        // this method is called when firebase doesn't
        // sends our OTP code due to any error or issue.
        @Override
        public void onVerificationFailed(FirebaseException e) {
            // displaying error message with firebase exception.
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    };
  
    // below method is use to verify code from Firebase.
    private void verifyCode(String code) {
        // below line is used for getting getting 
        // credentials from our verification id and code.
        PhoneAuthCredential credential = PhoneAuthProvider.getCredential(verificationId, code);
          
        // after getting credential we are 
        // calling sign in method.
        signInWithCredential(credential);
    }
}

步骤8：研究HomeActivity

现在，我们已经对用户进行了身份验证，并开始进行家庭活动。现在，我们将在成功身份验证后向用户显示欢迎消息。为此，导航至应用程序> res>布局> activity_home.xml，然后将以下代码添加到其中。

步骤9：在我们的Firebase控制台中启用Firebase电话身份验证

要在Firebase控制台中启用电话身份验证，请转到Firebase控制台。现在，单击“转到控制台”选项，然后导航到您的项目。之后，单击您的项目。您可以看到以下屏幕。

单击身份验证后，您将看到以下屏幕。在此屏幕上，单击“登录方法”选项卡。

单击登录方法后，您将看到下面的身份验证屏幕列表。单击电话选项并启用它。

单击“电话”选项，您将看到以下弹出屏幕。在此屏幕内，单击启用选项并保存。

Note: For getting OTP don’t enter your phone number with country code because we are already adding that country code in our code itself. 

输出：

GitHub链接： https : //github.com/ChaitanyaMunje/FirebasePhoneAuthentication

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