预测以下程序的输出?
CPP
#include
using namespace std;
class Empty {};
int main()
{
cout << sizeof(Empty);
return 0;
}
CPP
#include
using namespace std;
class Empty { };
int main()
{
Empty a, b;
if (&a == &b)
cout << "impossible " << endl;
else
cout << "Fine " << endl;
return 0;
}
CPP
#include
using namespace std;
class Empty { };
int main()
{
Empty* p1 = new Empty;
Empty* p2 = new Empty;
if (p1 == p2)
cout << "impossible " << endl;
else
cout << "Fine " << endl;
return 0;
}
CPP
#include
using namespace std;
class Empty { };
class Derived: Empty { int a; };
int main()
{
cout << sizeof(Derived);
return 0;
}
CPP
// Thanks to Venki for suggesting this code.
#include
using namespace std;
class Empty {
};
class Derived1 : public Empty {
};
class Derived2 : virtual public Empty {
};
class Derived3 : public Empty {
char c;
};
class Derived4 : virtual public Empty {
char c;
};
class Dummy {
char c;
};
int main()
{
cout << "sizeof(Empty) " << sizeof(Empty) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Derived1) " << sizeof(Derived1) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Derived2) " << sizeof(Derived2) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Derived3) " << sizeof(Derived3) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Derived4) " << sizeof(Derived4) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Dummy) " << sizeof(Dummy) << endl;
return 0;
}
输出
1
空类的大小不为零。通常是1个字节。确保两个不同的对象具有不同的地址是非零的。请参见以下示例。
CPP
#include
using namespace std;
class Empty { };
int main()
{
Empty a, b;
if (&a == &b)
cout << "impossible " << endl;
else
cout << "Fine " << endl;
return 0;
}
输出
Fine
由于相同的原因(不同的对象应该具有不同的地址),“ new”总是返回指向不同对象的指针。请参见以下示例。
CPP
#include
using namespace std;
class Empty { };
int main()
{
Empty* p1 = new Empty;
Empty* p2 = new Empty;
if (p1 == p2)
cout << "impossible " << endl;
else
cout << "Fine " << endl;
return 0;
}
输出
Fine
现在猜测以下程序的输出(这很棘手)
CPP
#include
using namespace std;
class Empty { };
class Derived: Empty { int a; };
int main()
{
cout << sizeof(Derived);
return 0;
}
输出
4
请注意,输出不大于4。有一个有趣的规则,说空的基类不需要用单独的字节表示。因此,在基类为空的情况下,编译器可以自由进行优化。作为练习,请在编译器上尝试以下程序。
CPP
// Thanks to Venki for suggesting this code.
#include
using namespace std;
class Empty {
};
class Derived1 : public Empty {
};
class Derived2 : virtual public Empty {
};
class Derived3 : public Empty {
char c;
};
class Derived4 : virtual public Empty {
char c;
};
class Dummy {
char c;
};
int main()
{
cout << "sizeof(Empty) " << sizeof(Empty) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Derived1) " << sizeof(Derived1) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Derived2) " << sizeof(Derived2) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Derived3) " << sizeof(Derived3) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Derived4) " << sizeof(Derived4) << endl;
cout << "sizeof(Dummy) " << sizeof(Dummy) << endl;
return 0;
}
输出
sizeof(Empty) 1
sizeof(Derived1) 1
sizeof(Derived2) 8
sizeof(Derived3) 1
sizeof(Derived4) 16
sizeof(Dummy) 1
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