📜  LINQ |元素运算符|单身的

📅  最后修改于: 2021-05-29 23:27:31             🧑  作者: Mango

元素运算符用于从序列或集合中返回单个或特定元素。例如,当我们问学校时,校长是谁?这样一来,只有一人成为学校的校长。因此,学生人数是一个集合,而校长是唯一来自集合的结果。

LINQ标准查询运算符支持8种类型的元素运算符:

  1. ElementAt
  2. ElementAtOrDefault
  3. 第一的
  4. 第一或默认
  5. 最后的
  6. LastOrDefault
  7. 单身的
  8. 单一或默认

单一运营商

单个运算符用于返回集合或序列的单个元素。或返回指定给定条件的单个元素。可以通过两种不同的方式重载此方法:

  • 单个(IEnumerable ,Func ):此方法返回集合或序列中唯一指定给定条件的元素,如果存在多个指定给定条件的元素,则将引发异常。
  • Single (IEnumerable ):此方法返回给定序列或集合中的唯一元素,如果序列或集合中不存在一个完全相同的元素,则引发异常。

重要事项:

  • 它不支持C#和VB.Net语言的查询语法。
  • 它支持C#和VB.Net语言的方法语法。
  • 它同时存在于Queryable和Enumerable类中。
  • 如果序列不包含指定给定条件的元素,或者序列包含多个指定给定条件的元素,或者序列为空,则抛出InvalidOperationException

范例1:

// C# program to illustrate the
// use of Single operator
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
  
class GFG {
  
    static public void Main()
    {
  
        // Data source
        int[] sequence1 = {112, 44, 55, 66, 77, 777, 56};
        int[] sequence2 = {2};
  
        // Get the element which specifies the given 
        // condition Using Single(Condition) function
        var result1 = sequence1.Single(seq => seq == 112);
          
        Console.WriteLine("Element: {0}", result1);
  
        // Get the only element of the 
        // sequence Using Single() function
        var result2 = sequence2.Single();
          
        Console.WriteLine("Element: {0}", result2);
  
        // This commented part gives you exception
        // because the given sequence does not 
        // contain elements
          
        /*
            int[] sequence3 = {};
            var result3 = sequence3.Single();
            Console.WriteLine("Element: {0}", result3);
        */
    }
}
输出:
Element: 112
Element: 2

范例2:

// C# program to find the 
// name of the employee
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
  
// Employee details
public class Employee {
  
    public int emp_id
    {
        get;
        set;
    }
  
    public string emp_name
    {
        get;
        set;
    }
  
    public string emp_gender
    {
        get;
        set;
    }
  
    public string emp_hire_date
    {
        get;
        set;
    }
  
    public int emp_salary
    {
        get;
        set;
    }
}
  
class GFG {
  
    // Main method
    static public void Main()
    {
        List emp = new List() {
              
            new Employee() {emp_id = 209, emp_name = "Anjita", emp_gender = "Female",
                                    emp_hire_date = "12/3/2017", emp_salary = 20000},
                          
            new Employee() {emp_id = 210, emp_name = "Soniya", emp_gender = "Female",
                                    emp_hire_date = "22/4/2018", emp_salary = 30000},
  
            new Employee() {emp_id = 211, emp_name = "Rohit", emp_gender = "Male",
                                  emp_hire_date = "3/5/2016", emp_salary = 40000},
  
            new Employee() {emp_id = 212, emp_name = "Supriya", emp_gender = "Female",
                                      emp_hire_date = "4/8/2017", emp_salary = 40000},
  
            new Employee() {emp_id = 213, emp_name = "Anil", emp_gender = "Male",
                                emp_hire_date = "12/1/2016", emp_salary = 40000},
  
            new Employee() {emp_id = 214, emp_name = "Anupriya", emp_gender = "Female",
                                         emp_hire_date = "17/6/2015", emp_salary = 50000},
        };
  
        // Query to find the name the 
        // employee Using Single method
        var res = emp.Single(e => e.emp_name == "Anjita");
          
        string val = res.emp_name;
          
        Console.WriteLine("Employee name: {0}", val);
    }
}
输出:
Employee name: Anjita