向量与动态数组相同,具有在插入或删除元素时自动调整自身大小的能力,并且容器自动处理其存储。
向量:: at()
at()函数用于引用作为函数参数给出的位置处的元素。
句法:
vectorname.at(position)
Parameters:
Position of the element to be fetched.
Returns:
Direct reference to the element at the given position.
例子:
Input: myvector = 1, 2, 3
myvector.at(2);
Outpu: 3
Input: myvector = 3, 4, 1, 7, 3
myvector.at(3);
Output: 7
错误和异常
- 如果向量中不存在该位置,则抛出out_of_range 。
- 否则,它具有强大的无异常抛出保证。
CPP
// CPP program to illustrate
// Implementation of at() function
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector myvector;
myvector.push_back(3);
myvector.push_back(4);
myvector.push_back(1);
myvector.push_back(7);
myvector.push_back(3);
cout << myvector.at(3);
return 0;
}
CPP
// CPP program to illustrate
// Application of at() function
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector myvector;
myvector.push_back(1);
myvector.push_back(2);
myvector.push_back(3);
myvector.push_back(4);
myvector.push_back(5);
myvector.push_back(6);
myvector.push_back(7);
myvector.push_back(8);
myvector.push_back(9);
// vector becomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
for (int i = 0; i < myvector.size(); i += 2) {
cout << myvector.at(i);
cout << " ";
}
return 0;
}
CPP
// CPP program to illustrate
// Implementation of swap() function
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// vector container declaration
vector myvector1{ 1, 2, 3, 4 };
vector myvector2{ 3, 5, 7, 9 };
// using swap() function to swap
// elements of vector
myvector1.swap(myvector2);
// printing the first vector
cout << "myvector1 = ";
for (auto it = myvector1.begin();
it < myvector1.end(); ++it)
cout << *it << " ";
// printing the second vector
cout << endl
<< "myvector2 = ";
for (auto it = myvector2.begin();
it < myvector2.end(); ++it)
cout << *it << " ";
return 0;
}
C++
// CPP program
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector vec1{ 100, 100, 100 };
vector vec2{ 200, 200, 200, 200, 200 };
vec1.swap(vec2);
cout << "The vec1 contains:";
for (int i = 0; i < vec1.size(); i++)
cout << ' ' << vec1[i];
cout << '\n';
cout << "The vec2 contains:";
for (int i = 0; i < vec2.size(); i++)
cout << ' ' << vec2[i];
cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
输出
7
应用范围:
给定一个整数向量,打印出现在偶数位置的所有整数。
Input: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Output: 1 3 5 7 9
Explanation - 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 are at position 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 which are even
算法
- 循环运行直到向量的大小。
- 检查该位置是否可被2整除,如果是,则在该位置打印元素。
CPP
// CPP program to illustrate
// Application of at() function
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector myvector;
myvector.push_back(1);
myvector.push_back(2);
myvector.push_back(3);
myvector.push_back(4);
myvector.push_back(5);
myvector.push_back(6);
myvector.push_back(7);
myvector.push_back(8);
myvector.push_back(9);
// vector becomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
for (int i = 0; i < myvector.size(); i += 2) {
cout << myvector.at(i);
cout << " ";
}
return 0;
}
输出
1 3 5 7 9
矢量:: swap()
此函数用于将一个向量的内容与相同类型的另一个向量交换,向量的大小可能不同。
句法:
vectorname1.swap(vectorname2)
Parameters:
The name of the vector with which
the contents have to be swapped.
Result:
All the elements of the 2 vectors are swapped.
例子:
Input: myvector1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
myvector2 = {3, 5, 7, 9}
myvector1.swap(myvector2);
Output: myvector1 = {3, 5, 7, 9}
myvector2 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Input: myvector1 = {1, 3, 5, 7}
myvector2 = {2, 4, 6, 8}
myvector1.swap(myvector2);
Output: myvector1 = {2, 4, 6, 8}
myvector2 = {1, 3, 5, 7}
错误和异常
- 如果向量的类型不同,则会引发错误。
- 否则,它有一个基本的无异常抛出保证。
CPP
// CPP program to illustrate
// Implementation of swap() function
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// vector container declaration
vector myvector1{ 1, 2, 3, 4 };
vector myvector2{ 3, 5, 7, 9 };
// using swap() function to swap
// elements of vector
myvector1.swap(myvector2);
// printing the first vector
cout << "myvector1 = ";
for (auto it = myvector1.begin();
it < myvector1.end(); ++it)
cout << *it << " ";
// printing the second vector
cout << endl
<< "myvector2 = ";
for (auto it = myvector2.begin();
it < myvector2.end(); ++it)
cout << *it << " ";
return 0;
}
输出
myvector1 = 3 5 7 9
myvector2 = 1 2 3 4
如果向量的大小不同:
C++
// CPP program
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector vec1{ 100, 100, 100 };
vector vec2{ 200, 200, 200, 200, 200 };
vec1.swap(vec2);
cout << "The vec1 contains:";
for (int i = 0; i < vec1.size(); i++)
cout << ' ' << vec1[i];
cout << '\n';
cout << "The vec2 contains:";
for (int i = 0; i < vec2.size(); i++)
cout << ' ' << vec2[i];
cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
输出
The vec1 contains: 200 200 200 200 200
The vec2 contains: 100 100 100
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