考虑下面的C++程序:
CPP
// C++ program to show that local parameters hide
// class members
#include
using namespace std;
class Test {
int a;
public:
Test() { a = 1; }
// Local parameter 'a' hides class member 'a'
void func(int a) { cout << a; }
};
// Driver Code
int main()
{
Test obj;
int k = 3;
obj.func(k);
return 0;
}
CPP
// C++ program to show use of this to access member when
// there is a local variable with same name.
#include
using namespace std;
class Test {
int a;
public:
Test() { a = 1; }
// Local parameter 'a' hides object's member
// 'a', but we can access it using this.
void func(int a) { cout << this->a; }
};
// Driver code
int main()
{
Test obj;
int k = 3;
obj.func(k);
return 0;
}
CPP
// C++ program to show that :: can be used to access static
// members when there is a local variable with same name
#include
using namespace std;
class Test
{
static int a; // a IS STATIC NOW
public:
// Local parameter 'a' hides class member
// 'a', but we can access it using ::
void func(int a) { cout << Test::a; }
};
// In C++, static members must be explicitly defined
// like this
int Test::a = 1;
// Driver code
int main()
{
Test obj;
int k = 3 ;
obj.func(k);
return 0;
}
输出
3
上面程序的输出为3,因为作为参数传递给“ func”的“ a”遮盖了类.ie 1的“ a”。
然后如何输出类的“ a”。这是该指针派上用场的地方。像“ cout << this-> a”这样的语句代替“ cout << a”可以简单地输出值1,因为该指针指向调用func的对象。
CPP
// C++ program to show use of this to access member when
// there is a local variable with same name.
#include
using namespace std;
class Test {
int a;
public:
Test() { a = 1; }
// Local parameter 'a' hides object's member
// 'a', but we can access it using this.
void func(int a) { cout << this->a; }
};
// Driver code
int main()
{
Test obj;
int k = 3;
obj.func(k);
return 0;
}
输出
1
范围解析算子如何?在上面的示例中,我们不能使用范围解析运算符来打印对象的成员’a’,因为范围解析运算符只能用于静态数据成员(或类成员)。如果在上面的程序中使用范围解析运算符,则会得到编译器错误;如果在下面的程序中使用此指针,则也会得到编译器错误。
CPP
// C++ program to show that :: can be used to access static
// members when there is a local variable with same name
#include
using namespace std;
class Test
{
static int a; // a IS STATIC NOW
public:
// Local parameter 'a' hides class member
// 'a', but we can access it using ::
void func(int a) { cout << Test::a; }
};
// In C++, static members must be explicitly defined
// like this
int Test::a = 1;
// Driver code
int main()
{
Test obj;
int k = 3 ;
obj.func(k);
return 0;
}
输出
1
要从最佳影片策划和实践问题去学习,检查了C++基础课程为基础,以先进的C++和C++ STL课程基础加上STL。要完成从学习语言到DS Algo等的更多准备工作,请参阅“完整面试准备课程” 。