校验和是计算机网络中的一种错误检测方法。此方法由高层协议使用,并在发送方使用校验和生成器,在接收方使用校验和校验器。在本文中,我们将在Python实现校验和算法。
Refer to the below articles to get detailed information about the checksum
- Error Detection in Computer Networks
- Error Detection Code – Checksum
实现算法的步骤。
第1步:生成校验和(发送方)
- 该消息分为4个部分,每个部分为k位。
- 将所有部分加在一起以获得总和。
- 总和被补充并成为校验和。
- 校验和与数据一起发送。
步骤2:校验和检查器(接收方)
- 该消息分为k位的4个部分。
- 将所有部分加在一起以获得总和。
- 生成的校验和将添加到所有部分的总和中。
- 所得的总和被补充。
在执行这些步骤之后,如果结果等于零,则数据是正确的,因此可以接受。否则,将检测到错误并拒绝数据。
下面是上述方法的实现:
Python3
# Function to find the Checksum of Sent Message
def findChecksum(SentMessage, k):
# Dividing sent message in packets of k bits.
c1 = SentMessage[0:k]
c2 = SentMessage[k:2*k]
c3 = SentMessage[2*k:3*k]
c4 = SentMessage[3*k:4*k]
# Calculating the binary sum of packets
Sum = bin(int(c1, 2)+int(c2, 2)+int(c3, 2)+int(c4, 2))[2:]
# Adding the overflow bits
if(len(Sum) > k):
x = len(Sum)-k
Sum = bin(int(Sum[0:x], 2)+int(Sum[x:], 2))[2:]
if(len(Sum) < k):
Sum = '0'*(k-len(Sum))+Sum
# Calculating the complement of sum
Checksum = ''
for i in Sum:
if(i == '1'):
Checksum += '0'
else:
Checksum += '1'
return Checksum
# Function to find the Complement of binary addition of
# k bit packets of the Received Message + Checksum
def checkReceiverChecksum(ReceivedMessage, k, Checksum):
# Dividing sent message in packets of k bits.
c1 = ReceivedMessage[0:k]
c2 = ReceivedMessage[k:2*k]
c3 = ReceivedMessage[2*k:3*k]
c4 = ReceivedMessage[3*k:4*k]
# Calculating the binary sum of packets + checksum
ReceiverSum = bin(int(c1, 2)+int(c2, 2)+int(Checksum, 2) +
int(c3, 2)+int(c4, 2)+int(Checksum, 2))[2:]
# Adding the overflow bits
if(len(ReceiverSum) > k):
x = len(ReceiverSum)-k
ReceiverSum = bin(int(ReceiverSum[0:x], 2)+int(ReceiverSum[x:], 2))[2:]
# Calculating the complement of sum
ReceiverChecksum = ''
for i in ReceiverSum:
if(i == '1'):
ReceiverChecksum += '0'
else:
ReceiverChecksum += '1'
return ReceiverChecksum
# Driver Code
SentMessage = "10010101011000111001010011101100"
k = 8
ReceivedMessage = "10000101011000111001010011101101"
# Calling the findChecksum() funtion
Checksum = findChecksum(SentMessage, k)
# Calling thr checkReceiverChecksum() function
ReceiverChecksum = checkReceiverChecksum(ReceivedMessage, k, Checksum)
# Printing Checksum
print("SENDER SIDE CHECKSUM: ", Checksum)
print("RECEIVER SIDE CHECKSUM: ", ReceiverChecksum)
# If sum = 0, No error is detected
if(int(ReceiverChecksum, 2) == 0):
print("Receiver Checksum is equal to 0. Therefore,")
print("STATUS: ACCEPTED")
# Otherwise, Error is detected
else:
print("Receiver Checksum is not equal to 0. Therefore,")
print("STATUS: ERROR DETECTED")
输出:
SENDER SIDE CHECKSUM: 10000101
RECEIVER SIDE CHECKSUM: 0001001
Receiver Checksum is not equal to 0. Therefore,
STATUS: ERROR DETECTED