1. ALTER命令:
ALTER SQL命令是DDL(数据定义语言)语句。 ALTER用于更新数据库中表的结构(如添加,删除,修改数据库中表的属性)。
句法 :
// add a column to the existing table
ALTER TABLE tableName
ADD columnName columnDefinition;
// drop a column from the existing table
ALTER TABLE tableName
DROP COLUMN columnName;
// rename a column in the existing table
ALTER TABLE tableName
RENAME COLUMN olderName TO newName;
// modify the datatype of an already existing column in the table
ALTER TABLE table_name
ALTER COLUMN column_name column_type;
2. UPDATE命令:
UPDATE SQL命令是DML(数据操作语言)语句。它用于处理任何现有列的数据。但是不能更改表的定义。
句法 :
// table name that has to update
UPDATE tableName
// which columns have to update
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...,columnN=valueN.
// which row you have to update
WHERE condition
注意:如果没有WHERE子句,表中的所有记录将被更新。
SQL中ALTER和UPDATE命令之间的区别:
SR.NO | ALTER Command | UPDATE Command |
---|---|---|
1 | ALTER command is Data Definition Language (DDL). | UPDATE Command is a Data Manipulation Language (DML). |
2 | Alter command will perform the action on structure level and not on the data level. | Update command will perform on the data level. |
3 | ALTER Command is used to add, delete, modify the attributes of the relations (tables) in the database. | UPDATE Command is used to update existing records in a database. |
4 | ALTER Command by default initializes values of all the tuple as NULL. | UPDATE Command sets specified values in the command to the tuples. |
5 | This command make changes with table structure. | This command makes changes with data inside the table. |
6 | Example : Table structure, Table Name, SP, functions etc. | Example : Change data in the table in rows or in column etc. |