WebSockets用于与服务器连接,就像http包一样。它支持与服务器的双向通信,无需轮询。
在本文中,我们将探讨以下与Flutter的WebSockets 相关的主题:
- 连接到 WebSocket 服务器
- 收听来自服务器的消息。
- 向服务器发送数据。
- 关闭 WebSocket 连接。
在本文中作为示例,我们将连接到 websocket.org 提供的测试服务器。
连接到 WebSocket 服务器:
web_socket_channel包包含连接到 WebSocket 服务器所需的工具。该包提供了一个WebSocketChannel ,允许用户既可以收听来自服务器的消息,也可以将消息推送到服务器。
在Flutter,使用以下行创建连接到服务器的 WebSocketChannel:
final channel = IOWebSocketChannel.connect('ws://echo.websocket.org');
收听来自服务器的消息:
现在我们已经建立了到服务器的连接,我们将向它发送一条消息并获得与响应相同的消息:
Dart
StreamBuilder(
stream: widget.channel.stream,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
return Text(snapshot.hasData ? '${snapshot.data}' : '');
},
);
Dart
import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
Future fetchAlbum() async {
final response =
await http.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1');
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
return Album.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
} else {
throw Exception('Loading album failed!');
}
}
Future updateAlbum(String title) async {
final http.Response response = await http.put(
'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
},
body: jsonEncode({
'title': title,
}),
);
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
return Album.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
} else {
throw Exception('Failed to update the album!');
}
}
// the album class
class Album {
final int id;
final String title;
Album({this.id, this.title});
factory Album.fromJson(Map json) {
return Album(
id: json['id'],
title: json['title'],
);
}
}
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
MyApp({Key key}) : super(key: key);
@override
_MyAppState createState() {
return _MyAppState();
}
}
class _MyAppState extends State {
final TextEditingController _controller = TextEditingController();
Future _futureAlbum;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_futureAlbum = getAlbum();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Update Data',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('GeeksForGeeks'),
backgroundColor: Colors.green,
),
body: Container(
alignment: Alignment.center,
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
child: FutureBuilder(
future: _futureAlbum,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
if (snapshot.hasData) {
return Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Text(snapshot.data.title),
TextField(
controller: _controller,
decoration: InputDecoration(hintText: 'Enter Title'),
),
RaisedButton(
child: Text('Update Data'),
onPressed: () {
setState(() {
_futureAlbum = updateAlbum(_controller.text);
});
},
),
],
);
} else if (snapshot.hasError) {
return Text("${snapshot.error}");
}
}
return CircularProgressIndicator();
},
),
),
),
);
}
}
向服务器发送数据:
要将数据发送到服务器,将 add()消息添加到WebSocketChannel提供的接收器,如下所示:
channel.sink.add('Hello Geeks!');
关闭连接:
要关闭与 WebSocket 的连接,请使用以下命令:
channel.sink.close();
完整的源代码:
Dart
import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
Future fetchAlbum() async {
final response =
await http.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1');
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
return Album.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
} else {
throw Exception('Loading album failed!');
}
}
Future updateAlbum(String title) async {
final http.Response response = await http.put(
'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
},
body: jsonEncode({
'title': title,
}),
);
if (response.statusCode == 200) {
return Album.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
} else {
throw Exception('Failed to update the album!');
}
}
// the album class
class Album {
final int id;
final String title;
Album({this.id, this.title});
factory Album.fromJson(Map json) {
return Album(
id: json['id'],
title: json['title'],
);
}
}
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
MyApp({Key key}) : super(key: key);
@override
_MyAppState createState() {
return _MyAppState();
}
}
class _MyAppState extends State {
final TextEditingController _controller = TextEditingController();
Future _futureAlbum;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_futureAlbum = getAlbum();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Update Data',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('GeeksForGeeks'),
backgroundColor: Colors.green,
),
body: Container(
alignment: Alignment.center,
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
child: FutureBuilder(
future: _futureAlbum,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
if (snapshot.hasData) {
return Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
Text(snapshot.data.title),
TextField(
controller: _controller,
decoration: InputDecoration(hintText: 'Enter Title'),
),
RaisedButton(
child: Text('Update Data'),
onPressed: () {
setState(() {
_futureAlbum = updateAlbum(_controller.text);
});
},
),
],
);
} else if (snapshot.hasError) {
return Text("${snapshot.error}");
}
}
return CircularProgressIndicator();
},
),
),
),
);
}
}
输出:
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